多孔介质对圆柱-翼型干涉噪声的影响

采用LES（large eddy simulation）+FW-H（Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings）方程，研究了圆柱表面使用不同PPI（pore number per inch）和厚度的多孔介质对圆柱尾迹及圆柱-翼型干涉噪声的影响，探索了多孔介质的降噪规律和机理。结果表明：多孔介质能稳定圆柱表面的剪切层，抑制旋涡脱落，从而削弱尾迹对下游翼型的影响，圆柱单音噪声最大可降79 dB，翼型单音峰值降低13.22 dB，宽频噪声降低20 dB；多孔材料PPI的变化对降噪效果影响较小，而厚度是影响流场模态、降噪效果及气动性能的一个关键参数；多孔材料厚度合适时，圆柱-翼型流场形态为“剪切层模态”，可有效降低湍流干涉噪声；多孔材料厚度较小时，发现了一种流场形态，即“剪切层-尾迹模态”，导致翼型噪声增大；合适的多孔介质厚度不仅降噪效果显著，对圆柱-翼型的气动性能也有改善作用。     

Development and coupling test of active spacecraft potential control – Next generation (ASPOC-NG)

The active spacecraft potential control (ASPOC) system developed in the 1990s emits positive ions to neutralise the spacecraft potential, such as used in several missions like Geotail, Equator-S, Cluster, Doublestar and MMS. With the experience gained, the next generation of the active spacecraft potential control (ASPOC-NG) instrument has been developed over the last three years. Thereby, three emission technologies were tested including Liquid Metal Ion Source (LMIS), Liquid Metal Electron Source (LMES) and Solid Metal Electron Source (SMES). The development of the emitter module by FOTEC and the corresponding electronics control unit by IWF is presented. Optimisations were carried out with the focus on the reduction of mass and power consumption to comply with the requirements of future scientific missions. Coupling tests of the modules and the electronics control unit were performed including range, accuracy and lifetime tests. Both ASPOC-NG instruments for positive and negative charge compensation and their performance values show excellent results.     

碳纤维特性对C/ C 复合材料界面性能的影响

分别采用扫描电镜、比表面积与孔体积分析仪等手段对日丝(RS-Cf ) 和美丝(MS-Cf ) 两种碳纤 维进行表面状态表征分析,通过纤维顶出试验、冲剪强度和弯曲强度对两种纤维制备的C/ C 复合材料界面性 能进行了微观和宏观测试,研究了不同表观结构纤维对C/ C 复合材料界面性能的影响。纤维表面形貌观察结 果表明:圆形RS-Cf 表面沟槽比腰果形MS-Cf 明显,但沟槽数量少于MS-Cf,而MS-Cf 的比表面积、孔体积和 孔径均大于RS-Cf。RS-C/ C、MS-C/ C 复合材料界面强度分别为2. 98 和3. 80 MPa;RS-C/ C 复合材料的弯曲 和冲剪强度分别为55. 9 和32. 0 MPa,低于MS-C/ C 复合材料的65． 0 和35. 2 MPa,微观和宏观力学性能均表 明MS-C/ C 复合材料的界面强度高于RS-C/ C 复合材料。     

Review of atomization mechanism and spray characteristics of a liquid jet in supersonic crossflow

The injection and atomization process of a liquid fuel jet is critical for an ignition start of a scramjet engine. Airwall-mounted crossflow injection strategy is widely used in scramjet combustors, avoiding high total pressure loss and allowing the liquid fuel to rapidly undergo atomization, mixing, and evaporation. In this review, research progress on a liquid jet in supersonic crossflow was evaluated from aspects of atomization mechanism and spray characteristics. When a liquid jet is injected into a supersonic crossflow, primary and secondary breakups occur successively. The surface instability of liquid can significantly affect the breakup process. This review discusses the current understanding of the breakup process and spray characteristics of a liquid jet in supersonic crossflow including the mechanism of atomization and the characteristics of distribution and atomization. The development of windward Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) unstable waves is the main factor in column breakup. The development of Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) unstable waves along the circumferential direction of the jet or droplets is the main factor of surface and droplet breakups. The liquid–gas momentum ratio is the most important factor affecting the penetration depth. The span width of the liquid jet is affected by the windward area. Breakup and coalescence lead to a transformation of the size distribution of droplets from S- or C-shaped to I-shaped, and the velocity distribution of the droplets on the central symmetry plane has a mirrored S-shape. The droplet distribution on the spanwise cross-section retains a structure similar to an “Ω” shape. At last, some promising recommendations have been proposed, namely a theoretical predictive model which can describe the breakup mechanism of a liquid jet, the distribution characteristics and droplets size distribution of a liquid jet under a cavity combustion chamber, especially for enthalpy flows with complex wave structures.     

两种同类型胶片基础特性及检测应用比对

文摘针对如何在液体火箭发动机产品射线检测过程中,根据具体情况选择合适的射线胶片,达到既能保证射线检测图像质量又能提高检测效率减少检测成本的目的,本文通过对进口富士IX100型胶片和国产乐凯牌L7型胶片的特性和质量稳定性进行工艺对比试验。结果表明,L7型胶片本底灰雾度稍大于IX100型胶片,灵敏度逊于IX100型胶片,宽容度高于IX100型;但两者均属于GB/T19348.1—2003规定的T3范畴胶片,综合性能比较接近;L7型胶片适用于发动机上具有变截面的铝铸件、机加余量不大的钢铸件、钛铸件及大部分熔焊缝的射线检测。     

电动膨胀循环液氧甲烷变推力发动机动态特性研究

电动泵压式液体火箭发动机受到了广泛的关注，然而电池有限的输出功率和过于沉重的质量成为限制电动泵压式发动机发展的重要因素。为此本文提出了一种电机驱动燃料泵和涡轮驱动氧泵的电动膨胀循环液体火箭发动机方案，并着重研究了该型发动机的动态响应特性。首先给出了20 kN级电动膨胀循环发动机的技术指标和部组件参数，进一步基于AMESim平台建立了全系统动力学模型，验证了方案的可行性和部组件动力学模型的准确性，并深入研究了单点工况和调节工况的动态响应特性。结果表明，针对启动过程而言，涡轮泵调整时间较电动泵长，这降低了系统响应速度，但工况越高，系统响应速度越快；高工况启动时，甲烷在冷却通道内的剧烈相变和跨临界状态的不连续物性相互耦合易引发系统振荡；就调节过程而言，推力调节时普遍存在超调或凹坑现象，且系统在两相同工况之间调节时，正调响应速度快于负调，这也导致阶跃幅值相等条件下的系统调整时间随目标工况升高而缩短。     

Selective thermal emission and infrared camouflage based on layered media

Infrared camouflage based on artificial thermal metasurfaces has recently attracted significant attention. By eliminating thermal radiation differences between the object and the background, it is possible to hide a given object from infrared detection. Infrared camouflage is an important element that increases the survivability of aircraft and missiles, by reducing target susceptibility to infrared guided threats. Herein, a simple and practicable design is theoretically presented based on a multilayer film for infrared stealth, with distinctive advantages of scalability, flexible fabrication, and structural simplicity. The multilayer medium consists of silicon substrate, carbon layer and zinc sulfide film, the optical properties of which are determined by transfer matrix method. By locally changing the thickness of the coating film, the spatial tunability and continuity in thermal emission are demonstrated. A continuous change of emissive power is further obtained and consequently implemented to achieve thermal camouflage functionality. In addition, other functionalities, like thermal illusion and thermal coding, are demonstrated by thickness-engineered multilayer films.