气体注入压力激励法测量卫星液体推进剂剩余量的热力学模型

通过对气体注入压力激励法测量卫星液体推进剂剩余量系统的详细热力学过程分析,建立了能满足实际测量需求的等温和绝热两种热力学模型,对具体测量模型的选用及相关问题进行了分析。     

液体火箭发动机可靠性设计的新方法

针对发动机系统可靠性设计问题进行了研究，提出综合运用可靠性框图分析、故障主效应分析，、故障数据分析及故障树分析等可靠性分析方法，评估发动机不同设计方案的可靠性水平，并举例对某型号发动机的方案论证进行了典型分析计算。     

液氮贮箱自增压实验与数值仿真

为研究低温推进剂在常温下的自增压过程,设计了以液氮为模拟介质可视化低温玻璃贮箱自增压实验系统,研究了自增压过程压力和温度的变化规律及体积充填率对压力和温度变化的影响。实验结果表明：气枕区和液体区存在显著的轴向温度分层,液体区温度的上升速率低于压力引起饱和温度的上升速率。压力上升分为有典型意义的三段：初始段、过渡段和稳定段,稳定段的压力上升速率随体积充填率增加而增加。液体区的对流运动在自增压过程受到抑制,气液界面逐渐进入准静止状态。并以实验测得温度作为边界条件,采用流体体积（VOF）模型对整个自增压过程进行了175 s的数值仿真。仿真得到的压力曲线变化规律与实验结果基本一致,稳定段的压力上升速率是实验值的1.58倍。本文得到的自增压物理参数变化规律,为低温推进剂的贮存和贮箱的热防护设计提供参考。     

高空飞行环境中液体运载火箭底部热环境研究

采用数值模拟和飞行测试验证相结合的方法对液体运载火箭高空对流/辐射耦合换热问题开展系统深入研究。基于燃气多组分输运Navier-Stokes方程、热辐射方程、Realizable k-ε两方程湍流模型,建立了高空含自由流的运载火箭燃气喷流流动模型。辐射模型采用离散坐标法(DOM),空间离散采用二阶迎风TVD格式,对多个典型飞行高度火箭底部热流进行大型并行计算,将数值结果与试验数据进行广泛对比,验证了计算模型的精度和有效性。数值研究表明,火箭底部辐射热流在刚起飞阶段达到最大值,随着飞行高度上升,辐射热流逐渐降低,火箭底部对流热流表现为先升高后降低的趋势,并在20 km高空达到峰值。本文的预测分析方法对液体运载火箭底部热防护设计具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。     

某型号液体火箭发动机可靠性分析

基于逐步增加Ⅱ型截尾样本,讨论了某型号液体火箭发动机可靠性指标的Bayes估计及E-Bayes估计.在刻度平方误差损失函数下,给出了火箭发动机寿命分布参数、可靠度函数及失效率函数的Bayes估计及E-Bayes估计.最后运用Monte Carlo方法对各种估计的均方误差进行了模拟比较.结果表明,E-Bayes估计给出的估计精度高.     

涡轮排气液化循环发动机的能量分析

对涡轮排气液化循环发动机液化水的处置进行了研究。通过热力学分析获得了发动机性能的理论解,并利用热力计算进行验证。分析表明液态水直接排出发动机将导致约2%的比冲损失。分析了发动机各环节的能量传递,获得了燃烧室中心燃烧区焓增的理论表达式,可作为燃烧室性能的详细分析的基础。     

液体火箭发动机环境因子的Bayes估计

基于液体火箭发动机的寿命服从威布尔分布的条件,假定天地试验环境下威布尔分布的形状参数不变,运用Bayes方法对weibull分布天地实验条件下的环境因子进行分析,给出了环境因子在平方损失下的Bayes估计,并与极大似然估计法进行比较,通过仿真实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

携带晃动燃料柔性航天器姿态机动中的同宿环分叉研究

本文研究了带液体晃动和柔性附件的耦合航天器系统在液体燃料耗散和柔性附件扭转振动的作用下,经历从最小惯量轴到最大惯量轴姿态机动中的混沌动力学行为.将液体晃动等效为球摆模型并由此建立了带柔性附件充液航天器多体耦合系统动力学模型.首先推导出耦合系统动力学方程并采用Melnikov积分预测受扰系统稳定与不稳定流形是否横截相交,得到了参数形式表达的混沌运动解析判据,这对航天器的设计有重要的指导意义.研究发现,混沌的发生依赖于刚体形状,阻尼比,充液比和扭转振动频率.此外,在经过被动再定向姿态机动后,由于液体晃动的本质非线性特性,充液航天器最终将进行大章动角的周期极限环运动而非绕着最大惯量轴自旋.     

Coupled Lagrangian impingement spray model for doublet impinging injectors under liquid rocket engine operating conditions

To predict the effect of the liquid rocket engine combustion chamber conditions on the impingement spray, the conventional uncoupled spray model for impinging injectors is extended by considering the coupling of the jet impingement process and the ambient gas field. The new coupled model consists of the plain-orifice sub-model, the jet-jet impingement sub-model and the droplet collision sub-model. The parameters of the child droplet are determined with the jet-jet impingement sub-model using correlations about the liquid jet parameters and the chamber conditions.The overall model is benchmarked under various impingement angles, jet momentum and offcenter ratios. Agreement with the published experimental data validates the ability of the model to predict the key spray characteristics, such as the mass flux and mixture ratio distributions in quiescent air. Besides, impinging sprays under changing ambient pressure and non-uniform gas flow are investigated to explore the effect of liquid rocket engine chamber conditions. First, a transient impingement spray during engine start-up phase is simulated with prescribed pressure profile. The minimum average droplet diameter is achieved when the orifices work in cavitation state, and is about 30% smaller than the steady single phase state. Second, the effect of non-uniform gas flow produces off-center impingement and the rotated spray fan by 38°. The proposed model suggests more reasonable impingement spray characteristics than the uncoupled one and can be used as the first step in the complex simulation of coupling impingement spray and combustion in liquid rocket engines.     

Measurements of heat transfer and pressure in a trailing edge cavity of a turbine blade

 An experimental investigation is conducted to obtain the heat transfer and pressure drop data for an integral trailing edge cavity test section that simulates a novel turbine blade's internal cooling passage with bleed holes. Local heat transfer is measured on both the suction and pressure sides by a transient liquid crystal technique, while pressures at six positions are recorded by pressure calibrators. Moreover, flow characteristic and its effect on heat transfer are analyzed for conditions with or without bleed flow. The experimental results show that, in the cases with bleed flow, local heat transfer on the pressure side exceeds that on the suction side in the first and second channels. In the cases without bleed flow, in the first and third channels, local heat transfer on the suction side weakens whilst it increases significantly on the pressure side. For the second channel, non-bleed condition leads to a more balanced heat transfer distribution between the upstream and downstream channel. Besides, after the bleed holes are blocked, heat transfer in the first bend region on the suction side declines sharply, while the opposite phenomenon occurs for the second bend region on the pressure side. In both bleed and non-bleed cases, the total pressure of six measurement positions decreases continuously along the channel at the same Reynolds number and it promotes for higher Reynolds number. Among all the measurement points, under the same flow rate condition, the highest speed occurs at Position 5, which also shows the maximum difference between the total and static pressures. When the bleed holes are blocked, the total pressure at each measurement position appears to increase.