锯齿尾缘叶片气动特性和绕流流场的数值研究

以基于NACA 0018翼型的锯齿尾缘仿生叶片为研究对象,采用大涡模拟的方法研究锯齿相对齿宽与相对齿高对锯齿尾缘叶片的气动特性和非定常绕流流场的影响规律和机制.研究表明,尾缘锯齿参数对叶片气动性能的影响是复杂的非线性过程,在一定来流攻角范围内能提高升阻比,但失速提前.如在9.4°~14.8°来流攻角范围内,不同相对齿宽系列叶片的升阻比高于原始叶片,升阻比与锯齿相对齿宽之间没有线性关系.研究还表明,锯齿尾缘能延迟边界层分离,加速尾迹的流动掺混和能量扩散,改变非定常涡结构和涡脱落频率.相对齿高的变化对非定常流动特性的影响更为显著.尾缘锯齿诱导的二次湍流射流和吸力面侧反向涡对改变了原始叶片的绕翼环量,进而影响锯齿尾缘叶片的气动特性和绕流流场特性.      

Coupled Lagrangian impingement spray model for doublet impinging injectors under liquid rocket engine operating conditions

To predict the effect of the liquid rocket engine combustion chamber conditions on the impingement spray, the conventional uncoupled spray model for impinging injectors is extended by considering the coupling of the jet impingement process and the ambient gas field. The new coupled model consists of the plain-orifice sub-model, the jet-jet impingement sub-model and the droplet collision sub-model. The parameters of the child droplet are determined with the jet-jet impingement sub-model using correlations about the liquid jet parameters and the chamber conditions.The overall model is benchmarked under various impingement angles, jet momentum and offcenter ratios. Agreement with the published experimental data validates the ability of the model to predict the key spray characteristics, such as the mass flux and mixture ratio distributions in quiescent air. Besides, impinging sprays under changing ambient pressure and non-uniform gas flow are investigated to explore the effect of liquid rocket engine chamber conditions. First, a transient impingement spray during engine start-up phase is simulated with prescribed pressure profile. The minimum average droplet diameter is achieved when the orifices work in cavitation state, and is about 30% smaller than the steady single phase state. Second, the effect of non-uniform gas flow produces off-center impingement and the rotated spray fan by 38°. The proposed model suggests more reasonable impingement spray characteristics than the uncoupled one and can be used as the first step in the complex simulation of coupling impingement spray and combustion in liquid rocket engines.     

一种涡轮排气蜗壳的优化设计

为了改善涡轮排气蜗壳的排气效果,选取一种箱式蜗壳为原始计算模型,通过数值模拟研究了该排气蜗壳的气动性能,揭示了蜗壳内部流动损失的主要来源,在不改变其几何尺寸的前提下,提出了一种蜗壳的分流层改型设计,并与两种一般改型方式的效果作比较.数值计算结果表明:在设计工况下,分流层改型设计可使排气蜗壳的总压损失系数最多降低32.12%,静叶恢复系数最多提高48.73%,其效果好于扩压结构弧线改型,但弱于蜗壳壁面轮廓型线改型,在此基础上揭示了分流层设计改善蜗壳气动性能的机理.      

低含气率影响下圆柱动静压轴承特性分析

为研究低含气率条件下,温度和气泡含量对润滑油黏度的影响,采用涡轮油和氮气制备油气两相流,在不同温度下采集含气率和动力黏度,拟合得到两相流的黏度计算模型.针对带有深浅腔的圆柱动静压轴承,基于拟合的黏度模型,结合有限元法和有限差分法联立求解油膜Reynolds方程、能量方程及两相流等效密度模型,分析了不同偏心率下承载力、摩...     

Measurements of heat transfer and pressure in a trailing edge cavity of a turbine blade

 An experimental investigation is conducted to obtain the heat transfer and pressure drop data for an integral trailing edge cavity test section that simulates a novel turbine blade's internal cooling passage with bleed holes. Local heat transfer is measured on both the suction and pressure sides by a transient liquid crystal technique, while pressures at six positions are recorded by pressure calibrators. Moreover, flow characteristic and its effect on heat transfer are analyzed for conditions with or without bleed flow. The experimental results show that, in the cases with bleed flow, local heat transfer on the pressure side exceeds that on the suction side in the first and second channels. In the cases without bleed flow, in the first and third channels, local heat transfer on the suction side weakens whilst it increases significantly on the pressure side. For the second channel, non-bleed condition leads to a more balanced heat transfer distribution between the upstream and downstream channel. Besides, after the bleed holes are blocked, heat transfer in the first bend region on the suction side declines sharply, while the opposite phenomenon occurs for the second bend region on the pressure side. In both bleed and non-bleed cases, the total pressure of six measurement positions decreases continuously along the channel at the same Reynolds number and it promotes for higher Reynolds number. Among all the measurement points, under the same flow rate condition, the highest speed occurs at Position 5, which also shows the maximum difference between the total and static pressures. When the bleed holes are blocked, the total pressure at each measurement position appears to increase.     

MDS图在液态模锻工艺过程单片机仿真控制系统中的应用

本文介绍了液态模锻工艺过程单片机仿真控制系统的设计方法，包括液态模锻工艺程确立、逻辑量确立、硬件系统设计、ＭＤＳ图的建立及软件实现，在工艺设备的逻辑性控制中应用ＭＤＳ图控制结构设计的控制器可方便方便地实现ＰＬＣ的控制功能，也可主便地实现其他娄字逻辑系统的控制功能。     

锅炉分层给煤装置的机理及效果分析

影响锅炉热效率的因素有多种，其中最主要的有两点：一是煤的燃烧状况，一是炉膛的换热环境。本文从煤层结构对燃烧状况的影响这个角度分析了分层给煤装置的优点和不足，并提出了几点改进方法。     

亚声速三角翼俯仰振动涡结构及升力特性研究

本文介绍在暂冲式三声速风洞中实现了非常流动的多片光蒸汽屏显示技术和测力技术，并用这两项技术研究了亚声速时７０°后掠三角翼模型仰振的非定常流动现象，探讨了由于三角翼模型俯振动产生的涡结构人向气动力特性之间的相关关系。     

斜激波极值规律的边界层影响

采用边界层理论与斜激波/膨胀波精确算法，建立一种结合Eckert参考温度法和Illingworth-Stewartson变换法优势的边界层权重算法，用于研究超声速黏性楔面边界层位移厚度对斜激波极值规律的影响。分别应用层流Navier-Stokes方程和湍流Navier-Stokes方程的CFD解算器对边界层新模型进行了算例精度评估。在来流马赫数为1.2~2.4和楔面角为3°~20°的范围内，压强比的相对误差小于0.1%。计入层流与湍流边界层影响的理论模型研究表明，边界层影响使得最优马赫数增加；对于层流边界层，最优马赫数增量约为0.001 5~0.003 3；对于湍流边界层，最优马赫数增量约为0.002 8~0.006 1。     

Mathematical description of the NaK model for MASTER-2005

The release of NaK droplets has been modeled for the new version of the European Meteoroid and Space Debris Terrestrial Environment Reference model MASTER-2005. Previously published versions of the model have been revised. The parameters of the model are introduced and discussed. NaK droplets consist of eutectic sodium–potassium alloy and have been released during RORSAT reactor core ejections. They contributed to the space debris environment in the centimeter and millimeter size regime. Sixteen nuclear powered RORSATs launched between 1980 and 1988 activated a reactor core ejection system in Sufficiently High Orbits (SHO), mostly between 900 and 950 km altitude. The core ejection caused an opening of the primary coolant circuit. The liquid coolant has been released into space during these core ejections. The outflow is considered as a discrete event for each of the sixteen core ejections in total. The NaK coolant has been forming droplets up to a diameter of 5.5 cm. NaK releases are restricted to a very narrow region near 65° inclination. This paper gives the parameters of the NaK release model as it is implemented in MASTER-2005. The quantitative values of all model parameters including characteristic diameter and uniformity parameter are presented. The ratio of the characteristic droplet size to the orifice diameter is discussed. It is estimated that altogether 128 kg of NaK-78 (8 kg per RORSAT) was released on orbit. Simulation runs show that there are still 45,000 droplets with a total mass of 97 kg in orbit at the reference epoch 1 May 2005, whereas the smallest droplet has a diameter of 5 mm. Results of orbit propagation simulation runs are presented in terms of spatial density.