无人飞行器在线航迹规划技术研究

在线航迹规划是针对不确定环境中的航迹规划问题,无人飞行器需要在参考飞行航线的约束下,根据局部地形、地貌、障碍、威胁等信息以及飞机本身机动能力的限制,实时地计算出飞行航迹,并跟随该航迹完成飞行任务。阐述了无人飞行器在线航迹规划的结构框架,分析了无人飞行器动力学约束及威胁场约束,并根据航迹几何建模方法及在线规划算法的国内外研究概况,着重探讨了在线规划算法如A＊算法、Dynapath算法及连续型粒子群优化算法。最后,阐述了无人飞行器在线航迹规划面临的关键问题及发展趋势。     

环境减灾-1B卫星红外相机数据减灾应用研究

红外相机是环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座环境减灾-1A、1B（HJ-1A、1B）卫星的3种主要载荷之一,具有宽覆盖、空间分辨率相对较高的特点。文章介绍了以红外相机数据为主,并结合其他遥感数据在我国西藏东南部雪灾、华北地区雪灾、黑龙江火灾、中国北方大范围旱灾以及澳大利亚火灾等灾害预警、灾害监测和灾情评估等方面的应用,结果表明红外相机数据在国内外雪灾、火灾、干旱等自然灾害的预警监测评估中可以发挥重要作用。     

基于TCAD和Geant 4的SRAM单粒子效应评估

基于Geant4和TCAD (Technology-Computer Aided-Design)建立了一套评估静态存储器(SRAM)单粒子效应的方法. 该方法利用TCAD软件模拟半导体存储单元对粒子能量沉积的响应, 获得SRAM的重离子单粒子翻转截面, 并应用蒙特卡罗工具包Geant 4计算质子与硅材料的核反应以及次级粒子在灵敏体积内的能量沉积, 进而获得质子的单粒子翻转率. 利用该方法, 计算了TSMC 0.18 μm未加固SRAM的重离子和质子翻转率, 通过与同工艺SRAM的重离子实验结果进行比较, 初步验证了该方法的有效性. 该方法不依赖于地面模拟实验, 可以用来评估处于设计阶段的抗辐射加固器件.      

反向蒙特卡罗方法在卫星辐射分析中的研究与应用

反向蒙特卡罗方法(AMC/RMC)是Geant4中一个强有力的偏置技术. 粒子产生于包含灵敏体的反向界面并在几何体中被反向追踪直至外界面或溢出能量阈值, 其计算时间只集中于对结果有贡献的粒子径迹. 与正向蒙特卡罗方法(FMC)相比, RMC更高效, 特别是当灵敏体远小于几何体其他部分和外界面时, 其优势更明显. 通过RMC与FMC的比较, 验证了RMC应用于卫星辐射剂量分析的准确性. RMC与SHIELDOSE2和SSAT的比较说明了RMC是高精度卫星辐射剂量的优选方法.      

热处理对激光增材制造TC4合金耐蚀性及室温压缩蠕变性能的影响

随着钛合金装备在航空、航天、航海等领域的使用逐渐增多,其服役环境日益严苛,对构件材料的抗腐蚀性能及室温应力蠕变性能提出了更高要求。针对钛合金耐蚀性及抗压缩蠕变的性能,分析了激光增材制造TC4合金不同热处理状态试样电化学及室温压缩蠕变性能,并结合蠕变曲线修正了蠕变第Ⅰ阶段本构方程的参数。结果表明,双重退火处理会显著减小增材制造TC4钛合金中α板条长径比与尺寸,而固溶时效可使α板条长径比增大、尺寸减小,导致了材料耐蚀性、屈服极限以及抗压缩蠕变性能的变化。沉积态合金经过固溶时效后自腐蚀电流降低64.92%,稳态蠕变应变率降低46.31%,蠕变应变降低50%。而经过双重退火后合金自腐蚀电流降低26.14%,稳态蠕变应变率提升111.20%,蠕变应变提升48.68%。相比于铸锻工艺制备TC4合金蠕变本构方程,修正后的拟合系数与蠕变曲线吻合度更高。     

一种空间极低温吸附制冷机的设计与实现

针对极低温吸附制冷技术的热沉制冷系统,系统分析了极低温吸附制冷的特性,研究了热沉温度对极低温吸附制冷性能的影响,研制了一台极低温吸附制冷机样机,工质气体为氦4,在1.5W@4.2K G-M制冷机基础上实现了50μW@0.8K的制冷性能,验证了基于机械制冷系统的更高热沉温度技术的可行性,这一成果为深空探测和载人空间站相关研究提供了技术支撑。     

Laser joining of CFRTP to titanium alloy via laser surface texturing

Grid pattern was textured on Ti-6Al-4V alloy (TC4) substrate surface by nanosecond laser system. Laser joining of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite (CFRTP) to TC4 joints were performed, and the effect of texture grid depth was investigated. The contact angle of molten CFRTP on textured TC4 surface was measured and the tensile-shear force was tested. The fracture surface and interface morphology were observed. The results indicated that the wettability of molten CFRTP on TC4 surface improved remarkably after laser textured TC4. Shear force of CFRTP/TC4 joints was increased by 156% after laser textured TC4 surface. When the depth of grid was deeper than 100 μm, contact angle increased and incomplete filling of molten CFRTP in grid occurred, the shear force thus decreased gradually. Resin-carbon fibers mixture was adhered on the fracture surface of TC4, and the variation tendency of adhesion ratio was consistent with that of shear force. TC4 matrix was exfoliated from substrate and adhered at the fracture surface of CFRTP, indicating stronger mechanical interlocking occurred at the joining interface after laser textured TC4 surface. Beside mechanical interlocking, compound layer consisted of CTi_0.42V_1.58 carburization phase was also confirmed at interface, suggesting that chemical bonding also occurred at the joining interface.     

Multiobjective genetic optimization of Earth–Moon trajectories in the restricted four-body problem

In this paper, optimal trajectories of a spacecraft traveling from Earth to Moon using impulsive maneuvers (ΔV maneuvers) are investigated. The total flight time and the summation of impulsive maneuvers ΔV are the objective functions to be minimized. The main celestial bodies influencing the motion of the spacecraft in this journey are Sun, Earth and Moon. Therefore, a three-dimensional restricted four-body problem (R4BP) model is utilized to represent the motion of the spacecraft in the gravitational field of these celestial bodies. The total ΔV of the maneuvers is minimized by eliminating the ΔV required for capturing the spacecraft by Moon. In this regard, only a mid-course impulsive maneuver is utilized for Moon ballistic capture. To achieve such trajectories, the optimization problem is parameterized with respect to the orbital elements of the ballistic capture orbits around Moon, the arrival date and a mid-course maneuver time. The equations of motion are solved backward in time with three impulsive maneuvers up to a specified low Earth parking orbit. The results show high potential and capability of this type of parameterization in finding several Pareto-optimal trajectories. Using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with crowding distance sorting (NSGA-II) for the resulting multiobjective optimization problem, several trajectories are discovered. The resulting trajectories of the presented scheme permit alternative trade-off studies by designers incorporating higher level information and mission priorities.     

平流层飞艇流固耦合分析方法研究

平流层飞艇为了在平流层环境下获得足够的浮力,要求其体积庞大,由于跨度较大的充气柔性气囊结构容易发生变形,使得流固耦合特性非常显著。针对该类飞行器的流固耦合方法的研究是对其流固耦合特性分析的首要条件。本文基于流体动力学计算软件FLUENT和结构动力学分析软件ABAQUS,形成了分析平流层飞艇这类大型柔性充气结构流固耦合特性的非线性动态流体－结构交错积分耦合法。通过充气的圆球薄膜的解析解和NACA65A006机翼颤振特性的实验结果与计算结果的比较对该方法的有效性进行了分析。这为平流层飞艇流固耦合问题的研究提供了一种有效的分析工具,并对某平流层飞艇的突风干扰响应特性进行了分析,得出其流固耦合特性的变化规律。     

一种团队自治实体路径规划算法TAEPP

对团队自治实体的路径规划问题进行了分析,提出了一种团队自治实体路径规划算法TAEPP(Team Autonomous Entity Path Planning).该算法是一种集中式的全局规划方法,使用改进的A*算法得到团队中Leader成员的路径,通过对Leader路径的优化得到关键点表和队形转换表,利用关键点表和队形转换表得到团队中非Leader成员的路径.队形转换表可以使行进中的队形变换更合理,减少了队形维护时需要的通信量.通过调整算法中的2个影响因子,可以分别得到侧重于队形和侧重于距离的路径.试验结果验证了TAEPP算法的合理性和有效性.