四维黎曼时空下脉冲星导航模型精度分析

考虑深空探测中广义相对论的影响,以适应纳秒量级的计时精度要求,本文针对航天器绕飞轨道,建立四维黎曼时空下带有时间转换项的脉冲星导航系统轨道动力学模型和四维观测模型,并基于无迹卡尔曼滤波方法设计脉冲星导航算法,针对模型中的时延项对导航精度的影响进行分析。分析结果表明:在时间转换模型中引力时延、航天器偏轨时延以及绕飞行星曲率时延等因素远大于航天器曲率时延对导航精度的影响,在量测模型中太阳系的引力远大于周年视差效应和脉冲星自行对导航精度的影响。     

Aero-engine fault diagnosis applying new fast support vector algorithm

A new fast learning algorithm was presented to solve the large-scale support vector machine ( SVM ) training problem of aero-engine fault diagnosis.The relative boundary vectors ( RBVs ) instead of all the original training samples were used for the training of the binary SVM fault classifiers.This pruning strategy decreased the number of final training sample significantly and can keep classification accuracy almost invariable.Accordingly , the training time was shortened to 1 / 20compared with basic SVM classifier.Meanwhile , owing to the reduction of support vector number , the classification time was also reduced.When sample aliasing existed , the aliasing sample points which were not of the same class were eliminated before the relative boundary vectors were computed.Besides , the samples near the relative boundary vectors were selected for SVM training in order to prevent the loss of some key sample points resulted from aliasing.This can improve classification accuracy effectively.A simulation example to classify 5classes of combination fault of aero-engine gas path components was finished and the total fault classification accuracy reached 96.1%.Simulation results show that this fast learning algorithm is effective , reliable and easy to be implemented for engineering application.     

基于隐身的三维航迹规划研究

为提高飞行器对地攻击效能,必须对其三维航迹规划技术进行研究。考虑到威胁并非不可穿越,建立了间歇式暴露模型;通过考虑飞行器姿态变化对暴露范围的影响,建立了飞行器战术隐身模型;对传统稀疏A*算法进行了改进,有效提高了规划速度,在此基础上提出了具有实时规划能力的分步规划算法,并给出了解决在线重规划的方法;最后,在真实地形下进行了仿真验证,仿真结果证明了所建模型及算法的有效性和实用性。     

热等静压温度对K447A高温合金显微组织及性能的影响

研究了热等静压温度对K447A合金显微组织及性能的影响。测试了合金的持久性能和室温拉伸性能。利用金相显微镜(OM)和扫描电镜(SUM)观察了合金显微组织。结果表明,1185～1210℃/180MPa/4h(+1185℃/2h,AC+1100℃/4h,AC+870℃/20h,AC)下,随热等静压温度的提高,合金中显微疏松逐步闭合,碳化物逐步细化和球化;γ-γ’共晶相尺寸和数量逐步减小,共晶特征趋于不明显;晶界呈不连续颗粒状;存在大、小两种尺寸的γ’相。经1185～1210℃HIP处理的合金980℃/200MPa持久性能大幅提高;经1195℃HIP的合金760℃/724MPa持久性能达到最高。经1210℃HIP处理的合金980℃/200MPa持久性能达到最高。180MPa/4h条件下,K447A合金合适的热等静压温度为1185～1210℃。     

锻造TC4钛合金电子束焊接接头的疲劳破坏机制

对锻造TC4钛合金电子束焊接(EBW)接头进行了应力控制的高周疲劳试验和应变控制的低周疲劳试验,利用扫描电子显微镜对疲劳断口进行观察与分析,研究了疲劳裂纹的起裂机制.研究结果表明:所有的高周疲劳试样裂纹起裂位置和最后断裂位置均发生在母材区,而低周疲劳试验试样断裂位置表现出不确定性,在焊缝区和母材区均可导致裂纹起裂.高周疲劳载荷下,裂纹起源于表面滑移;低周疲劳时,裂纹可能在接头母材区的表面起裂,也可能在接头焊缝的内部缺陷处起裂,裂纹起裂模式取决于载荷大小.      

腐蚀/疲劳交替作用下飞机金属材料疲劳寿命计算方法

 使用环境下飞机金属结构剩余寿命评定是确定飞机结构疲劳寿命与日历寿命关系的关键。为此,本文模拟飞机结构经历的"地面腐蚀+空中疲劳"过程,提出了腐蚀/疲劳交替作用下飞机金属材料的疲劳寿命计算方法。首先,通过分析2A12-T4铝合金试样预腐蚀/疲劳试验结果,发现其在模拟腐蚀/疲劳交替作用时计算得到的疲劳寿命偏于保守。随后,根据2A12-T4铝合金试样真实的交替试验结果,采用回归算法,建立了基于均匀分布耦合损伤形式的腐蚀/疲劳交替寿命计算模型;并分别采用BP、Elman神经网络对上述模型的计算结果进行验证。结果表明,本文提出的均匀分布耦合损伤模型计算结果与真实试验结果吻合较好;通过进一步的计算与试验对比发现,该模型也可以用于加载循环与腐蚀周期组合发生变化时的疲劳寿命预测,具有较好的适用性。     

面向柱面结构的自动铺带四轴联动成形研究

 根据柱面的结构特点,提出了面向柱面复合材料结构的自动铺带四轴联动成形方案,并以卧式自动铺带机为例进行分析。以保证铺放头压力线平行于曲面在铺放点的法线和保证铺放速度恒定为原则,根据D-H理论建立柱面固定角度铺放成形时铺带机各关节运动量的计算方法。应用逆运动学理论,对四轴联动铺带成形进行了运动学分析。从四轴联动铺带机的机构与控制、铺放速度、成形效率、方案可行性4个方面进行了深入分析,并进行可视化仿真和实验验证。结果表明应用本文方法,可实现用四轴联动铺带机完成柱面复合材料自动铺放成形,对于铺放成形效率要求不苛求的小批量实验或生产,具有低成本的突出优势。     

Influence of residual stresses on failure pressure of cylindrical pressure vessels

The utilization of pressure vessels in aerospace applications is manifold.In this work,fnite element analysis（FEA）has been carried out using ANSYS software package with 2D axisymmetric model to access the failure pressure of cylindrical pressure vessel made of ASTM A36 carbon steel having weld-induced residual stresses.To fnd out the effect of residual stresses on failure pressure,frst an elasto-plastic analysis is performed to fnd out the failure pressure of pressure vessel not having residual stresses.Then a thermo-mechanical fnite element analysis is performed to assess the residual stresses developed in the pressure vessel during welding.Finally one more elasto-plastic analysis is performed to assess the effect of residual stresses on failure pressure of the pressure vessel having residual stresses.This analysis indicates reduction in the failure pressure due to unfavorable residual stresses.     

软件研发模式的路径依赖与路径突破

型号软件作坊式研发模式很难达到GJB5000A过程要求,软件工程真正要上台阶、上水平,会受到多种因素制约。作坊式研发模式构成了软件工程过程改进的"路径依赖",路径选择错误,沿着错误的路径向前走,走得越远,回到正确路径的难度越大。理想的解决方案是整个产品研发团队一起"贯标"。     

30CrMnSiNi2A钢强韧化热处理的研究

 用正交试验法研究了等温温度、等温时间、奥氏体化温度和原始组织状态对30CrMnSiNi2A钢组织和性能的影响,提出了可保证该钢在上、中、下限碳量时各项性能均达到技术要求的热处理工艺。对新工艺显著改善钢强韧性的原因作了分析,研究了30CrMnSiNi2A钢在250～280℃温度范围等温淬火后K_(IC)值出现低谷的现象,并认为在该热处理条件下在马氏体与贝氏体交接面处有大量孪晶马氏体存在以及组织中有许多平行排列的细长等温马氏体板条束出现,是造成K_(IC)值降低的主要原因。