局部贴敷黏弹性阻尼层圆柱壳振动频率与阻尼有限元分析

在引入黏弹性材料复模量模型和考虑圆柱壳弹性边界的基础上,研发了有限元程序来解决考虑频率依赖性的复合圆柱壳振动频率与阻尼的非线性计算问题。创建了一种4节点24自由度复合壳单元来模拟局部贴敷黏弹性阻尼层圆柱壳的力学行为,推导了单元的刚度及质量矩阵。提出由6个弹簧组组成的周向变刚度弹性约束模型来模拟圆柱壳底部的弹性边界条件。确定了复合圆柱壳的动力学有限元方程,并描述了用特征向量增值法求解其振动频率与阻尼的迭代计算过程。对贴敷ZN-1自由阻尼层圆柱壳进行了实例计算,结果表明：该算法的计算结果与实验测试值误差最大为369%,另外黏弹性材料的频率依赖性对复合结构固有频率影响小于001%,而对模态损耗因子影响最大为10947%。     

Numerical study of transonic separation flow using an anisotropic turbulence model

A transonic turbulent separation flow in a converging-diverging transonic diffuser was studied, when there existed a separation bubble on the top wall of the diffuser triggered by strong shock-wave-boundary-layer-interaction (SWBLI). To capture the essential behavior of this complex flow, the current study utilized an anisotropic turbulence model developed on the basis of a statistical partial average scheme. The first order moment of turbulent fluctuations, retained by a novel average scheme, and the turbulent length scale, can be determined from the momentum equations and mechanical energy equation of the fluctuation flow, respectively. The two physical quantities were readily used to construct the nonlinear anisotropic eddy viscosity tensor and to significantly improve the computational results. Comparisons between the computational results and experimental data were carried out for velocity profiles, pressure distribution, skin friction coefficient, Reynolds stress as well as streamline vectors distribution. Without using any empirical coefficients and wall functions, the numerical results were in good agreement with the available experimental data, further confirming that the nonlinear anisotropic eddy viscosity tensor is the decisive factor for the success of the computational results.     

鸟撞风挡问题分析方法研究

在鸟体撞击风挡结构过程中,鸟体与风挡相对撞击速度非常大,是飞机结构损伤的重要因素,严重时会引发机毁人亡的灾难性事故。本文基于鸟撞风挡问题,采用对比分析的方法,对目前鸟撞风挡问题的地面试验法、工程计算法及有限元仿真法进行了详细介绍,比较了不同方法的适用条件、范围及其优劣;最后选取某飞机风挡层合玻璃作为研究对象,采用有限元仿真法,建立了风挡鸟撞模型,利用任意拉格朗日欧拉耦合法(ALE)完成了相关分析,得到了鸟撞风挡的变形及其速度、加速度等参数,通过比较分析结果,为飞机风挡设计提供参考。     

气膜孔喷气对涡轮气动性能影响的实验研究

为了认识气膜孔喷气对涡轮叶栅气动性能和流场结构的影响,应用涡轮平面叶栅风洞,实验测量和分析了在叶片表面不同位置气膜孔喷气情况下涡轮叶栅流场与性能,实验中气膜孔气流采用与涡轮叶栅相同的空气介质。实验结果表明,前缘气膜孔喷气使得涡轮叶栅损失随喷气流量增大而单调增大;但是,叶片压力面和吸力面气膜孔喷气对涡轮叶栅损失影响规律是复杂的,由于叶片表面不同位置流动特点的不同,在叶片表面不同位置的气膜孔喷气对涡轮叶栅流动损失和流动结构等的影响也是不相同的。     

近壁区Reynolds应力输运方程的理论模型

在湍流边界层的近壁区,采用对称共振三波的理论模型描述相干结构,根据理论模型对Reynolds应力输运方程逐项进行计算和分析,结果与直接数值模拟符合很好.这不仅在理论上有益于对湍流物理机制的了解,而且展现了一种可能性,即根据相干结构的理论知识来改造湍流模型,使之具有更清晰的物理内涵以提高近壁区的预估精度.     

开放式微波结构中的时域模函数初探

为了探讨将Diakoptics算法应用到开放式微波结构时适宜的时域模函数形式,在对槽线、共面波导、微带线及耦合微带线的空间电磁场分布特性分析的基础上,提出零阶、一阶第一类贝塞尔函数是较适宜的时域模函数,并总结了选取规律.      

磁云边界层与间断的观测研究

利用WIND飞船的磁场和等离子体观测数据,分析了1995年2月至2003年8月之间82个磁云中的边界层事件.我们认为(1)磁云边界层中方向间断DD(Directional Discontinuity)类型中RD(Rotational Discontinuity),TD(Tangential Discontinuity),ED(Either Discontinuity),ND(NeitherDiscontinuity)的分布为37:18:44:1(%),与背景太阳风中的分布51:12:35:2(%)不同;主要区别在于RD与TD的比例变化. (2)磁云边界层的内外边界切向间断的比例很高,占总数的20%,而且两侧的密度和温度平均相对变化分别为|△N/N|=0.24和|△T/T|=0.19,大于边界层内部的平均值,显示了更多的切向间断特征;此外,磁云边界层中方向间断的出现频次约为太阳风中的1.87倍. (3)磁云边界层中方向间断的法向分布在θ-φ平面中不是随机分布,而是以θ=-24.90°,φ=217.49°为几何中心,主要是指向远离太阳的方向,而不是简单的各向同性分布.初步结果表明,间断是磁云边界层中的重要结构,它有着不同于背景太阳风间断类型比,为诊断磁云边界层的形成机理提供了依据.      

基于小波变换的高超声速边界层动态图像分析

利用小波变换技术,研究高超声速下动态尖锥周期俯仰摆动的边界层转捩图像。通过基于二维小波变换的图像消噪和图像增强算法,优化动态实验图像,根据小波变换图像的奇异性提取沿时间历程变化的尖锥边界线和边界层图像,得到尖锥的俯仰摆动周期和迎角变化范围。结果显示边界层厚度的变化周期与尖锥的俯仰摆动周期存在相位差,随着迎角增大,背风面转捩点向尖锥前缘移动。实验结果表明,基于小波变换的图像处理技术不仅能够作为高超声速尖锥实验流动显示进行定性观察,还可以实现对高超声速边界层转捩实验的精确观测和定量分析,成为一种重要的量化和自动化的实验技术和分析手段。     

Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Laser Drilling with Jet Electrochemical Machining

As two kinds of defects, recast layers and spatters, commonly accompanied by laser-drilled holes always prevent the laser drilling technique from extending its applications in aerospace and aircraft industries, therefore, a novel hybrid process incorporating laser drilling with jet electrochemical machining (JECM-LD) has been developed to solve these problems as well as improve the overall quality of laser-drilled holes. It is executed by directing an electrolyte jet coaxially aligned with a laser beam onto the workpiece surface. During the process, the electrolyte jet produces electrochemical reaction with the surface material, effective cooling of it and carries away the process scraps. A two-dimensional mathematical model is proposed to describe the shape of the holes machined by JECM-LD. The model is verified through comparison between the results from simulation and those from experiments conducted on the test pieces made of 321 stainless steel 0.5 mm thick processed by the pulsed Nd:YAG laser at second harmonic wavelength. An examination of the experimental results under an optical microscope discovers that, by contrast with the laser drilling in air, the JECM-LD has effectively removed the recast layers and spatters, but its efficiency dropped by about 30%.     

多轮荷载作用下跑道加铺层的力学响应分析

以B747-400为例,考虑大型飞机复杂起落架构型和多轮荷载的作用特点,基于ABAQUS软件建立了多层复杂结构体系的三维有限元分析模型。应用该模型,计算了多轮荷载不同组合作用下加铺层的应力和变形,揭示了道面结构的力学响应。结果表明,不同主起落架传递的荷载在道面结构中也同样会发生叠加,引起结构中的应力增大,产生更大的表面的弯沉。