高压离心压气机导叶流场的附面层抽吸控制研究

通过数值模拟研究了某小型涡扇发动机离心压气机的出口导叶流场特点,结合拓扑分析方法讨论了附面层抽吸对叶栅性能的影响。结果表明:原型叶栅由于展弦比较小,流动空间狭窄,各种形式的附面层分离相互掺混,恶化了整个叶栅的流动。通过附面层抽吸可以改变叶栅内的分离结构,明显减小吸力面的分离,使得流场结构趋于简单,从而减小损失、提高叶栅效率。     

微重力环境下蒸发液层热毛细对流的数值模拟

提出了一种新模型来研究由单一物质构成的液层在其纯蒸气中的蒸发.液层置于微重力环境中并且受到水平方向温度梯度的作用,液层的热毛细对流和蒸发耦合在一起,使得气液界面的传热传质规律更加复杂.用理论分析的方法求解了不考虑热毛细效应的纯蒸发模型,得出温度场分布和界面质量流量的解析表达式.对于热毛细对流和蒸发耦合情况,采用有限差分的投影算法同时求解Navier-Stokes方程和能量方程,得到了不同蒸发Biot数和Marangoni数下流场和温度场的稳态数值解.论述了蒸发Biot数和Marangoni数对界面传热传质的影响,提出并解释了蒸发和热毛细对流耦合的三种模式.      

A linear stability analysis of large-Prandtl-number thermocapillary liquid bridges

A linear stability analysis is applied to determine the onset of oscillatory thermocapillary convection in cylindrical liquid bridges of large Prandtl numbers (4  Pr  50). We focus on the relationships between the critical Reynolds number Re_c, the azimuthal wave number m, the aspect ratio Γ and the Prandtl number Pr. A detailed Re_c–Pr stability diagram is given for liquid bridges with various Γ. In the region of Pr > 1, which has been less studied previously and where Re_c has been usually believed to decrease with the increase of Pr, we found Re_c exhibits an early increase for liquid bridges with Γ around one. From the computed surface temperature gradient, it is concluded that the boundary layers developed at both solid ends of liquid bridges strengthen the stability of basic axisymmetric thermocapillary convection at large Prandtl number, and that the stability property of the basic flow is determined by the “effective” part of liquid bridge.     

旋成体仿生凹坑表面减阻试验研究

基于非光滑表面减阻的仿生学理论,通过凹坑表面控制超声速旋成体附壁区的边界层结构来减小旋成体的阻力.利用3因素5水平的二次旋转设计,对排列在旋成体后部的仿生凹坑表面参数进行优化.Ma数为2.51,基于旋成体最大直径的雷诺数为1.9×106的风洞试验表明,旋成体后部的凹坑表面最大可减小旋成体4.98%的粘性前部阻力以及2.69%的底部阻力,总阻力最大可减小2.98%.通过二次旋转设计得到关于凹坑直径、深度以及凹坑轴向间距三个因素的二次回归方程,利用此方程得到的最优凹坑表面减少总阻力4.4%.     

高对流Mach数三维混合层转捩特性分析及小激波结构模拟

采用空间大涡模拟方法对超/超混合、超/亚混合两类三维可压缩平面混合层转捩及其全湍流流场进行了研究,认为混合层动量厚度饱和点可作为流场转捩完成的标志.计算所得到的线性扰动波激励下流场转捩拟序结构与随机扰动下自然失稳结构以及文献结果进行了比对,其结果是一致的,表明了引入线性扰动激励来研究流场转捩结构是合理的.同时,本文还在较高对流Mach数流动下得到了三维流场动态小激波结构,其分布具有非对称特性,且形状与实验及直接数值模拟结果相似.不同条件混合层转捩计算表明:高对流Mach数下混合层转捩以Λ涡结构的形成和发展为主导机制,受扰动及对流条件的影响Λ涡结构不尽相同,某些情况下流场出现二维与三维涡结构共存现象.充分发展湍流区域,流场脉动速度分量量级相同,湍流压缩效应随着对流Mach数提高而明显增强.     

等离子体中稳恒流形成电双层的机制

在考虑稳恒流产生磁场的基础上,通过求解双时标,双流体方程组,从理论上对电双层形成的机制进行了研究,解释了实验室中产生电双层现象所必须引入的条件──必须有带电粒子流的注入．     

铸型材料对钛铝金属间化合物的污染研究

利用金相组织观察,电子探针分析及显微硬度测试等方法研究了在铸钢生产中常用的几种铸型材料及氧化钙对钛铝合金铸锭表面的污染情况。试验结果表明：几种铸型材料对钛铝合金的表面硬化层厚度分别为氧化钙１６μｍ ,刚玉６０μｍ ,氧化锆１３０μｍ ,锆英砂１３０μｍ ,远低于对钛合金的污染层厚度,而且不发生粘砂。     

中国武汉上空钠层分布的实验观测与理论模拟

介绍了中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所钠层荧光激光雷达及其观测数据反演方法;对武汉上空钠层分布进行了初步理论模拟,并与观测结果进行了比较,对影响武汉上空钠层分布的因素进行了初步讨论。     

Experimental characteristics of oblique shock train upstream propagation

The structure and dynamics of an oblique shock train in a duct model are investigated experimentally in a hypersonic wind tunnel. Measurements of the pressure distribution in front of and across the oblique shock train have been taken and the dynamics of upstream propagation of the oblique shock train have been analyzed from the synchronized schlieren imaging with the dynamic pressure measurements. The formation and propagation of the oblique shock train are ini-tiated by the throttling device at the downstream end of the duct model. Multiple reflected shocks, expansion fans and separated flow bubbles exist in the unthrottled flow, causing three adverse-pressure-gradient phases and three favorable-pressure-gradient phases upstream the oblique shock train. The leading edge of the oblique shock train propagates upstream, and translates to be asym-metric with the increase of backpressure. The upstream propagation rate of the oblique shock train increases rapidly when the leading edge of the oblique shock train encounters the separation bubble near the shock reflection point and the adverse-pressure-gradient phase, while the oblique shock train slow movement when the leading edge of the oblique shock train is in the favorable-pressure-gradient phase for unthrottled flow. The asymmetric flow pattern and oscillatory nature of the oblique shock train are observed throughout the whole upstream propagation process.     

两种翼型螺旋桨ARA-D和S1223的等离子体增效实验研究

文章首先基于雷诺相似理论,在地面螺旋桨实验平台上开展ARA-D翼型螺旋桨微秒脉冲等离子体增效三维实验,结果表明,等离子体对螺旋桨拉力增效效果随着脉冲频率增加而减弱,而螺旋桨转矩受等离子体影响随拉力增效效果增加而减弱,拉力、效率最大增幅分别达到10.79%、11.56%。而后基于雷诺相似理论及叶素理论,在低湍流度风洞开展S1223翼型螺旋桨叶素微秒脉冲等离子体增效二维实验,结果表明等离子体激励提高了翼型各叶素拉力,其中根部与尖部叶素表现尤为明显。二维实验结果可为三维实验激励器展向排布方案提供理论依据。2种实验结果均表明,等离子体射流可以有效抑制翼型表面流动分离。