CPT原子钟系统光源温度控制设计与实现

介绍了半导体激光器波长影响机理,针对相干布局数囚禁（CPT）原子钟系统光源,设计并制作了通过半导体激光器的温度稳定的电路。实验结果表明,采用此电路的激光器,其温度稳定度约为0.02℃,相应波长稳定度可达0.001 2 nm。     

轻质防热材料高焓烧蚀试验

为了得到不同轻质防热材料在高焓条件下的烧蚀数据,评估其在高焓条件下的烧蚀性能,以满足

未来高超声速飞行器再入的高焓高热流低压力的热环境,采用高焓加热器对多种不同密度的轻质防热材料进

行烧蚀考核试验。通过对试验数据和模型内部烧蚀形态的描述,给出轻质防热材料在高焓低压热环境中的烧

蚀特性。最后对比中焓条件下试验数据,详细分析焓值对轻质防热材料烧蚀性能的影响。结果显示,高焓加热

器可以产生稳定均匀的高焓低压流场,轻质防热材料在高焓条件下的隔热性能和烧蚀性能有所提高。

     

空间目标视星等曲线仿真

人类航天活动日益频繁,空间目标种类和数量不断增多,识别未知空间目标的关键特征具有重要的科学价值。本文通过辅助图形软件建模分割,获取球体、圆锥体和圆柱体带法向量的面元坐标;基于卫星仿真工具包,得到了目标轨道及位置参数,并结合双向反射分布函数各向异性Phong 模型和四元数姿态更新模型,完成了地基观测条件下4种形状空间目标的视星等仿真。仿真结果表明,目标受空间位置、形状和姿态的影响程度不同,其光度曲线具有各自特点。球体由于形状完全中心对称,光度曲线主要受空间位置的影响;圆锥体、正方体、圆柱体光度曲线的波形受形状影响较大,曲线走向受位置影响较大,波动频率受姿态角速率影响较大。通过统计分析相关数据,可为后续空间目标位置、姿态和形状的反演提供先验模型。     

反复荷载下钢筋混凝土框架节点非线性分析

论述了反复荷载下分析、计算普通钢筋混凝土及轻骨料钢筋混凝土框架节点的非线性有限元分析方法 ,采用等效单轴应变的增量正交异性混凝土本构关系模型和反复荷载下应力应变关系的“焦点模型” ,编制二维非线性有限元分析程序 ,基于四个混凝土边节点的试验结果 ,对钢筋混凝土和轻骨料钢筋混凝土框架节点进行非线性有限元对比分析 ,计算的结果与试验吻合较好。     

Sweetpotato vine management for confined food production in a space life-support system

Sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas L.) ‘Whatley–Loretan’ was developed for space life support by researchers at Tuskegee University for its highly productive, nutritious storage roots. This promising candidate space life-support crop has a sprawling habit and aggressive growth rate in favorable environments that demands substantial growing area. Shoot pruning is not a viable option for vine control because removal of the main shoot apex drastically inhibits storage-root initiation and development, and chemical growth retardants typically are not cleared for use with food crops. As part of a large effort by the NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training in Advanced Life Support to reduce equivalent system mass (ESM) for food production in space, the dilemma of vine management for sweetpotato was addressed in effort to conserve growth area without compromising root yield. Root yields from unbranched vines trained spirally around wire frames configured either in the shapes of cones or cylinders were similar to those from vines trained horizontally along the bench, but occupying only a small fraction of the bench area. This finding indicates that sweetpotato is highly adaptable to a variety of vine-training architectures. Planting a second plant in the growth container and training the two vines in opposite directions around frames enhanced root yield and number, but had little effect on average length of each vine or bench area occupied. Once again, root yields were similar for both configurations of wire support frames. The 3–4-month crop-production cycles for sweetpotato in the greenhouse spanned all seasons of multiple years during the course of the study, and although electric lighting was used for photoperiod control and to supplement photosynthetic light during low-light seasons, there still were differences in total light available across seasons. Light variations and other environmental differences among experiments in the greenhouse had more effects on vine length than on root yield. Average vine length correlated positively with total hours of daylight received across seasons, and responses for one plant per container were higher above a threshold duration of solar exposure, suggesting that the vines of two plants per container compete for available light. In addition to the adaptability of sweetpotato to various vine-training architectures and across seasons in terms of maintaining root productivity, the open, interior volumes of the support frames tested in this study will provide future opportunity to enhance sweetpotato root yield in space by adding novel interior lighting, such as from intracanopy arrays of light-emitting diodes. This work was sponsored by NASA grant NAG 5 1286.     

轻型飞行模拟器并联机构约束检验算法的研究

采用6-3UPS边置式座舱结构的轻型飞行模拟器,其工作空间受约束条件的限制。在数学描述的基础上,对影响工作空间的各项约束检验算法进行研究,并分析约束条件下轻型飞行模拟器的工作空间,为控制算法的研究提供依据。     

一种轻质烧蚀结构一体化材料

针对某产品的防热需求,研究了一种轻质烧蚀结构一体化材料,对其坯料(材料A)的热处理制度及预固化程度进行了研究,确定了最佳的热处理温度和时间;对材料A成型得到的轻质烧蚀结构一体化材料(材料B)的拉伸性能和热物理性能进行测试,通过电弧风洞对烧蚀性能进行考核,并对烧蚀后材料的纵向密度分布进行了分析。结果表明,添加一定的处理剂可提高材料的拉伸强度和断裂延伸率,处理剂可有效增强材料各组分的界面结合强度;材料B的热扩散率比材料C(中密度)低,在中高热流状态下,材料B烧蚀表面碳层完整致密,与材料C相比,线后退率略大,质量损失率略小,背壁温度较低,材料B具有更好的烧蚀隔热性能。     

The 3-step DLR–ESA Gossamer road to solar sailing

The 3-step Gossamer road map to solar sailing is presented that has been agreed between DLR and ESA in November 2009. The main and exclusive purpose of that project is to develop, to prove, and to demonstrate the solar sail technology as a safe and reliably manageable propulsion technique for long lasting and deep space missions. Since the development of the solar sail technology is quite a complex task, presently at the DLR implemented solar sail related research activities will be presented as well.     

Minimizing energy utilization for growing strawberries during long-duration space habitation

Strawberry is a candidate crop for space that is rich in protective antioxidants and could also have psychological benefits as a component of crew diets during long-duration space habitation. Energy for electric lighting is a major input to a controlled-environment crop-production system for space habitation. Day-neutral strawberry cultivars were evaluated at several different photoperiods to determine minimum lighting requirements without limiting yield or negatively impacting fruit quality. The cultivars ‘Tribute’, ‘Seascape’, and ‘Fern’ were grown at 14, 17, or 20 h of light per day, and fruit yield was evaluated over a 31-week production period. This amounted to a difference of 2418 kWh m⁻² in energy usage between the longest and shortest photoperiods. All cultivars produced similar total fresh weight of fruit regardless of photoperiod. Volunteer tasters rated organoleptic characteristics including sweetness, tartness, texture, and overall appeal as measures of fruit quality. Generally, organoleptic attributes were not affected by photoperiod, but these attributes were somewhat dependent upon cultivar and harvest time. Cultivars under different photoperiods varied in their production of fruit over time. ‘Seascape’ was the most consistent producer, typically with the largest, most palatable fruit. ‘Seascape’ plants subsequently were grown at 10-, 12-, or 14-h photoperiods over a treatment period of 33 weeks. Photoperiod again had no significant effect on total fruit weight, although there were periodic flushes of productivity. Fruit under all photoperiods had acceptable approval ratings. A large-fruited, day-neutral strawberry cultivar such as ‘Seascape’ remains productive under shortened photoperiods, allowing reductions in energy and crew labor while maintaining flexibility for mixed-cropping scenarios in space.