On the possibility of long-term maintenance of geostationary satellite attitude without using the external information sensors and inertial sensors

The problem of maintaining spacecraft attitude during the loss of information from attitude sensors and inertial sensors is considered. The problem is solved on the basis of the force gyro stabilization principle with producing an angular momentum in the plane of orbit. The redundant mode of attitude maintenance is developed for spacecraft of the Yamal series. The results of testing the mode during the in-flight tests of the Yamal-200 spacecraft are presented.     

北京奥运乒乓球馆围护结构风荷载的试验研究

结合2008年北京奥运乒乓球馆的风洞模型试验,研究了大跨度屋盖围护结构的风荷载,探讨了围护结构表面风压的计算方法、悬挑屋面的风荷载取值以及周边建筑对幕墙风压的影响.得到的主要结论是:大跨度屋盖的围护结构比主体结构更容易发生风致破坏;用基于试验的统计方法比规范方法计算围护结构风压值更合理更可信;悬挑屋面的净风压并不完全等于上表面或下表面所受风压,只考虑净风压的设计,对于围护结构是不安全的,宜分别按照上下表面的最不利风荷载进行设计;周边建筑会对幕墙上的风压产生很大影响,幕墙的体型系数,应考虑实际周边建筑的排列,对规范建议值做相应调整.这些结论可为类似结构的抗风设计提供参考.     

Search for organic molecules at the Mars surface: The “Martian Organic Material Irradiation and Evolution” (MOMIE) project

The life on Mars remains an open question because of the lack of proof of its past emergence and its current presence. The only indices of a potential Martian life were provided by the Viking Landers, and the study of the Martian meteorite ALH84001 discovered in the Antarctic. In the two case, the results of experiments could be explained either by the presence of life forms or by abiotic processes. The recent data of Mars Express orbiter and Mars Exploration Rovers show different proofs of a past environment favourable for life. Among the targets we seek, the organic molecules are primordial because they are necessary to the origin of life. A key question is to know if they are present, in which concentration and under which form. Within the framework of a search for organic, we are developing an experimental setup simulating as close as possible the environmental conditions of Mars surface in order to determine how organic species evolve. We present here the first step of the development of this experiment which focuses on the study of the impact of the solar UV radiations reaching the Mars surface on glycine. First results show that glycine does not resist if directly exposed to UV radiations.     

大跨度斜拉桥钢桥塔基于涡振的气动选型及驰振性能风洞试验研究

大型钢桥塔在中国应用较少,其风振特点与常规混凝土桥塔有较大差异.以大跨度斜拉桥“人”字弧线形钢桥塔为工程背景,采用考虑三维绕流特性的气弹模型,针对塔柱可能的断面形式进行了多工况的对比试验,并对风洞试验结果进行分析讨论,进而确定最优断面形式.根据确定的断面形式,对该桥桥塔进行了大缩尺比的气弹模型风洞试验,较全面地考查了该桥桥塔的涡激振动及驰振性能,并对比了阻尼比对桥塔涡激振动振幅及驰振临界风速的影响.试验结果表明:当塔柱断面切角为0.8m×0.7m时桥塔涡振响应最小,相应的扭转驰振临界风速较高.     

航天器机构的可靠性试验方法

对航天器机构可靠性试验进行了分类,提出了基于可靠性特征量计量型可靠性试验的基本思路,针对特征量分别为寿命、性能参数、失败数的航天器机构提出了可靠性试验方法,为航天器机构可靠性验证提供了技术途径。     

受控生态生保系统内红萍供氧特性研究

研究红萍载人供O₂特征, 为红萍生物部件进行系统总体地面模拟试验及空间应用奠定基础,构建了受控生态生保系统密闭试验舱和红萍栽培装置, 在“红萍-鱼-人”共存情况下, 测定密闭舱内O₂, CO₂浓度的变化. 试验结果显示, 单位重量的鱼耗O₂量. 0805～0.0831 L·kg-1·h-1, 排放CO₂量为0.0705～0.0736 L·kg-1·h-1; 试验志愿者耗O₂量19.71 L·h-1, 呼吸释放CO₂量18.90 L·h-1. 人工光照保持7000～8000 lx条件下, 红萍的光合作用与人和鱼的呼吸作用相辅相成, 舱内O₂, CO₂浓度趋于平衡. 密闭舱内CO₂浓度升高对促进红萍群体净光合效率有明显效果, 红萍光合放O₂能力很强, 能有效促使密闭舱内O₂, CO₂浓度朝着有利于人生存的环境方向平衡, 进而验证了红萍的空间应用前景.      

Strategies for detection of putative life on Europa

Planned future exploration missions to the Jovian satellite Europa have a strong astrobiological motivation. Characterization of the potential habitability of the liquid water environments, and searching for life signals are the main astrobiological objectives of these missions. To meet these objectives specific strategies and instrumentation are required. Here we discuss some scenarios for the development of Europa potential biospheres. These scenarios are based on assumptions of the life similarity concept and knowledge about terrestrial life in extreme environments. Since the potential habitable environments on Europa are in the interior of the satellite it is not possibly to directly detect life. However, there are processes that link aqueous sub-surface environments with the near-surface environment, such as tectonism or magmatism. Therefore, by analysing endogenous materials that arise from the interior it is possible to make predictions about what is in the sub-surface. We propose some measurements and instrumentation for future missions to detect biosignatures on the upper layers of Europa, including the simple physico-chemical traces of metabolism to complex biomolecules or biostructures. Raman spectroscopy or biosensor technologies are the future for in situ exploration of the Solar System.     

大跨度平屋盖表面的特征湍流研究

首先介绍建筑特征湍流的含义及其表现的几种形式。然后重点对一种典型的特征湍流形式——锥形涡进行了探讨,给出了通过风压信息识别其特征参数的方法。最后,结合一大跨度平屋盖缩尺模型风洞测压试验,对锥形涡的涡心位置、作用范围以及运动模式等特征参数进行研究,并给出了定量结果。这些工作有助于更好地总结屋面风压分布的一些共性规律,并进一步提出符合屋面绕流特点的阵风荷载模型或脉动风压功率谱。     

剩余寿命分布研究

本文讨论连续型寿命分布的剩余寿命分布的特性，提出了截首试验方法，在理论上有一定参考价值，为试验方法提供了一个新的思路。     

某小型高速转子临界转速分析

针对某一小型高速转子的实际结构，利用传递矩阵法计算了该转子在不同支承刚度条件下和不同跨度下的临界转速，分析了采用弹性支承与改变支点跨度对转子临界转速的影响。分析结果表明，由于小型转子本身结构特点和尺寸的限制，航空发动机中经常采用的弹性支承（加挤压油膜）结构措施，在小型转子中的应用将会遇到很多困难；而在条件许可下，利用改变支点跨度来调整临界转速是行之有效的