Partition method for improvement of piecewise linear model with full envelope covered

Since ambient conditions vary in a wide range within the full flight envelope, the existing piecewise linear model (PLM), which is based on sea-level static condition with use of corrected parameters for other points in the flight envelope, cannot meet the accuracy for replacing the nonlinear model. To obtain more accurate linear models, a method of partitioning the flight envelope over a grid of Mach number and altitude boxes was suggested. Then, a set of linear models for a given operating condition was selected by picking the nearest (Mach number, altitude) box in the flight envelope. Through the selected set of linear models, interpolating for power level based on a weighted sum of corrected rotor speeds can obtain a linear model with acceptable accuracy. Simulation results of different points within the full flight envelope showed that the maximum error between nonlinear model and the existing PLM was more than 50%, while the maximum error between nonlinear model and the improved PLM was within 8%. It is concluded that the improved PLM performs accurately, especially under the non-standard conditions. In addition, the improved PLM can satisfy the real-time requirement better than the existing PLM.      

应用保护映射理论的高超声速飞行器自适应控制律设计

针对高超声速飞行器包线范围广、参数变化大的控制需求,应用保护映射理论提出一种高超声速飞行器的自适应控制律设计方法。首先建立整个飞行包线内的线性变参数(LPV)模型,在参数变化边界点设计一个初始的控制结构和参数,然后基于保护映射理论分析初始控制结构使闭环系统稳定的参数范围,通过迭代自动获取整个包线内满足性能指标的控制参数,进而通过多项式拟合设计出高超声速飞行器自适应控制律。所提出的方法能够根据初始控制结构自动寻找一系列满足性能要求的控制器参数,并确定这些控制参数满足闭环系统稳定的设计范围。仿真结果表明,所设计的自适应控制律能够确保高超声速飞行器大包线的设计要求,实现闭环系统的鲁棒稳定。     

Fuzzy adaptive tracking control within the full envelope for an unmanned aerial vehicle

Motivated by the autopilot of an unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） with a wide flight envelope span experiencing large parametric variations in the presence of uncertainties, a fuzzy adaptive tracking controller（FATC） is proposed. The controller consists of a fuzzy baseline controller and an adaptive increment, and the main highlight is that the fuzzy baseline controller and adaptation laws are both based on the fuzzy multiple Lyapunov function approach, which helps to reduce the conservatism for the large envelope and guarantees satisfactory tracking performances with strong robustness simultaneously within the whole envelope. The constraint condition of the fuzzy baseline controller is provided in the form of linear matrix inequality（LMI）, and it specifies the satisfactory tracking performances in the absence of uncertainties. The adaptive increment ensures the uniformly ultimately bounded（UUB） predication errors to recover satisfactory responses in the presence of uncertainties. Simulation results show that the proposed controller helps to achieve high-accuracy tracking of airspeed and altitude desirable commands with strong robustness to uncertainties throughout the entire flight envelope.     

非线性负阻尼极限环型角位移振荡运动定量分析

从某飞行器两次飞行记录的俯仰角θ、偏航角Ψ观测值出发,分别采用对Van der Pol方程描述的θ和Ψ的角位移振荡运动微分方程进行气动参数辨识,和对观测值θ-狋、Ψ-t曲线的外包络线进行参数拟合两种分析方法,对该飞行器的角位移振荡运动特性进行了定量分析。两种分析方法取得了较为一致的结果,并证明该飞行器飞行中出现的锥形振荡运动是典型的非线性负阻尼极限环型的振荡运动,获得了非线性负阻尼极限环型气动阻尼力矩的典型表达式。分析结果表明非线性负阻尼极限环类型的气动阻尼能够导致飞行器出现动不稳定。     

结冰对飞机飞行包线影响分析及控制

为解决飞机在结冰后因飞行包线范围缩小而危及飞行安全的问题,针对飞机纵向三自由度非线性模型分析了翼面结冰对飞行包线的影响。在二级折线软限制式迎角限制器中引入结冰信息,综合考虑各个结冰传感器信号,通过比较采用对迎角、襟翼偏度限制最大的结冰信号来设定限制器阀值,在线/实时地改变可用飞行包线范围,使结冰飞机在缩小的飞行包线范围内能够安全飞行。仿真计算表明,该方法实用有效,可供飞机结冰问题研究人员参考。     

Infrared signature studies of aerospace vehicles

Infrared (IR) emissions from aircraft are used to detect, track, and lock-on to the target. MAN Portable Air Defence Systems (MANPADS) have emerged as a major cause of aircraft and helicopter loss. Therefore, IR signature studies are important to counter this threat for survivability enhancement, and are an important aspect of stealth technology. This paper reviews contemporary developments in this discipline, with particular emphasis on IR signature prediction from aerospace vehicles. The role of atmosphere in IR signature analysis, and relation between IR signature level and target susceptibility are illustrated. Also, IR signature suppression systems and countermeasure techniques are discussed, to highlight their effectiveness and implications in terms of penalties.     

飞行失控的向量空间建模与应用研究

为对飞行失控进行分析,研究了采用决定性参数分析飞行安全状态的方法。建立了安全飞行向量空间,并划分为5个包线子空间,将飞行包线转化为相同形式。采用安全性函数表示飞行失控深度,确定安全面并求解飞行失控发生时间的研究方法。对一次飞行事故进行了研究,结果表明,该方法能够对飞行失控进行定量分析。     

小波降噪与快速包络谱峭度相结合的轴承组件故障诊断技术

作为飞轮重要的旋转支撑部件,轴承组件的性能对飞轮寿命有着重大影响,因此如何在早期对轴承组件进行筛选显得尤为重要。轴承组件在故障初期,其故障特征比较微弱,故障信号很容易淹没在背景噪声信号中,给轴承组件的早期故障判断和定位带来了很大的困难。本文以飞轮常用轴承组件为研究对象,基于快速包络谱峭度的振动测试方法,先通过对采集的轴承组件振动信号进行小波降噪,提高特征信号的信噪比,然后对振动信号进行全频段的峭度分析,可以对轴承组件进行早期的故障诊断并进行故障定位,得到轴承组件故障频率,为后续轴承组件故障诊断研究提供方法手段。     

基于包络理论的刀位误差快速求解算法

 针对五坐标数控加工中刀位误差计算效率较低的问题,提出了一种基于包络原理的刀位误差快速计算方法。首先,通过描述刀位误差与最短距离线段的关系建立两者的关系式。其次,将工件曲面沿进给方向离散成若干条截型线,基于包络原理推导出工件曲面截型线到刀具曲面的距离最短点应满足的基本方程,通过求解该方程获得最短距离线段和刀位误差,建立误差分布曲线。最后,分析了W形和V形误差分布曲线的特点,对曲面截型线离散精度的确定方法进行了研究。在此基础上,设计了计算流程,开发了计算程序,算例结果表明:所提方法与原方法相比,计算效率有了很大的提高。     

闭式整体叶盘五坐标插铣刀位轨迹规划

针对闭式整体叶盘通道开槽工艺问题,研究了叶盘通道五坐标开槽插铣加工方法。进行了闭式叶盘通道可加工性分析,给出了通道加工区域划分方法;基于最小面积原理研究了叶盘插铣通道边界最佳直母线求解算法,分别针对叶片曲面及叶盘内外环面,提出了通道偏置直纹包络面的生成方法,给出了闭式整体叶盘五坐标插铣刀位轨迹。研究结果表明:该方法能解决闭式整体叶盘通道插铣区域划分和直纹包络面生成问题,可有效实现闭式整体叶盘的五坐标开槽粗加工。