A novel visual attention method for target detection from SAR images

Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) imaging systems have been widely used in civil and military fields due to their all-weather and all-day abilities and various other advantages. However, due to image data exponentially increasing, there is a need for novel automatic target detection and recognition technologies. In recent years, the visual attention mechanism in the visual system has helped humans effectively deal with complex visual signals. In particular, biologically inspired top-down attention models have garnered much attention recently. This paper presents a visual attention model for SAR target detection, comprising a bottom-up stage and top-down process.In the bottom-up step, the Itti model is improved based on the difference between SAR and optical images. The top-down step fully utilizes prior information to further detect targets. Extensive detection experiments carried out on the benchmark Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition(MSTAR) dataset show that, compared with typical visual models and other popular detection methods, our model has increased ability and robustness for SAR target detection, under a range of Signal to Clutter Ratio(SCR) conditions and scenes. In addition, results obtained using only the bottom-up stage are inferior to those of the proposed method, further demonstrating the effectiveness and rationality of a top-down strategy. In summary, our proposed visual attention method can be considered a potential benchmark resource for the SAR research community.     

民航院校开设"创业学"课程的必要性

通过对我国科技与经济发展、民航事业发展的要求分析，阐明创业教育在民航院校开设的必要性，结合创业教育在我国高等院校开展的经验，对民航院校开设创业学教育提出几点建议。     

网络环境下大学生英语学习动机与成绩相关性研究

根据学习动机理论和建构主义的网络学习理论，以西北工业大学大二的英语网络班学生为对象，通过问卷调查的手段，结合四级成绩和最近一次的期末考试成绩对英语网络班学生的学习动机进行了分析，并探讨了英语网络学习环境下学生英语学习动机和英语成绩之间的关系，了解了网络教学过程中学生的非智力因素状况，为今后的教学活动提供参考。     

学伴用随原则视野下公共英语教材网络化意义研究

外语学习的学伴用随对外语学习以及教学具有非常重要的指导意义。将学伴用随原则贯彻于公共英语教材的网络化,实现英语网络自主学习平台功用的合理化,有利于弥补英语习得过程中的语境缺失,激发学生的交际需要,最大化语言接触量,实现真正意义上的灵活互动的英语网络学习环境。     

基于过程神经网络的热平衡温度预测研究

为缩短航天器热平衡试验周期，以降低航天器研制成本，提出了一种基于过程神经网络的热平衡温度预测模型。为简化该模型的学习过程，提出了一种基于正交基函数展开的基本学习算法，利用基函数的正交性不仅可以简化模型中的时间累积运算过程，而且能提高模型对解决实际问题的适应性。同时，为增强模型的外推预测能力，在基本学习算法的基础上给出了一种基于新增样本的学习算法，使模型既能对新增样本进行快速学习又不损失对原有样本的记忆。实际应用表明，该预测模型能够利用某型号卫星热平衡试验中某监测点进入稳定工况后40小时内的试验数据提前42．5—68小时获得该监测点的极限热平衡温度。     

基于最优估计神经网络的惯导系统初始对准研究

本文研究了一种基于卡尔曼滤波原理权值更新的多层神经网络学习算法，对此算法进行了详细的推证，并将该算法运用到惯导系统的初始对准过程。仿真结果表明了这种神经网络结构用于惯导系统初始对准问题的有效性，既可获得与卡尔曼滤波器相同的对准精度，又提高了系统的实时性。从而得到了利用神经网络解决惯导系统初始对准问题的一种有效算法。     

如何给学习者一个全新的学习环境

通过对传统学习环境概念的阐释以及对一些有代表意义的建构主义学习环境定义的分析，提出关于建构主义学习环境的概念及其基本特点，论述了建构主义学习环境设计与教学设计之间的区别，建构主义学习环境的本质和设计过程中应注意的问题。     

Evaluation of simulation-based training for aircraft carrier marshalling with learning cubic and Kirkpatrick’s models

Simulation-based training is a promising way to train a carrier flight deck crew because of the complex and dangerous working environment. Quantitative evaluation of simulation-based training quality is vital to make simulation-based training practical for aircraft carrier marshalling.This paper develops a personal computer-based aircraft carrier marshalling simulation system and a cave automatic virtual environment(CAVE)-based immersive environment. In order to compare the training effectiveness of simulation-based training and paper-based training, a learning cubic model is proposed and a contrast experiment is carried out as well. The experimental data is analyzed based on a simplified Kirkpatrick’s model. The results show that simulation-based training is better than paper-based training by 26.80% after three rounds of testing, which prove the effectiveness of simulation-based aircraft carrier marshalling training.     

基于生成对抗近端策略优化的机动策略优化算法

针对传统强化学习算法在生成空战机动策略时存在收敛效率低、专家经验利用不足的问题,研究了基于生成对抗-近端策略优化的策略生成算法。算法采用判别器-策略-价值(DAC)网络框架,在近端策略优化(PPO)算法基础上,利用专家数据和环境交互数据训练判别器网络,并反馈调节策略网络,实现了约束策略向专家策略方向优化,提高了算法收敛效率和专家经验利用率。仿真环境为基于 JSBSim开源平台的 F-16飞机空气动力学模型。仿真结高,PPO果表明,本文算法收敛效率高于算法,生成的策略模型具备较好的智能性。     

套语和模仿在外语学习中的作用

通过使用应用心理语言学理论,结合观察,分析描写了模仿和套语在外语学习的初级阶段所起的作用——有助于外语学习者超越自己的语言能力,具有积极的心理作用,为语言学习的创造性高级阶段打下一定的基础。