基于数学形态学的图像边缘检测技术

边缘检测通常是用类似于素描图的图像表达出物体的要素和特征。实际图像中,边缘由灰度突变的象素点组成,在数字图像处理和分析中具有重要的作用。本文综合国内外最新文献资料,分析了多种基于数学形态学的边缘检测技术:基于多尺度形态学的边缘检测、基于数学形态学多极平均的图像的边缘检测、基于偏微分方程的形态学的边缘检测、基于均衡化和数学形态学的组合边缘检测、基于坐标逻辑的多结构元图像边缘检测等技术,并综合比较了其优缺点,探讨了其发展方向。     

CST造型方法在涡轮叶片前缘修型中的应用研究

为了探究CST (形状函数变换技术)造型方法在涡轮叶片前缘修型中的应用效果,完善了CST方法在前缘型线重构中的实施细节,数值模拟了雷诺数对前缘修型前后叶型损失及边界层特性的影响,验证了CST前缘修型方法在新型高速飞行器低压涡轮中的实用性。结果显示:CST方法前缘修型可以消除HD叶型吸力侧前缘的压力峰和分离泡,从而使得高雷诺数条件下吸力侧分离诱导的边界层转捩现象延迟发生,叶型损失降低32%,拓展了低损失状态的雷诺数范围。吸力侧损失的降低在低雷诺数条件下主要来自于前缘附近的剪切层,而高雷诺数条件下主要来自于前缘剪切层和扩压段前的层流边界层。新型高速空天飞行器低压涡轮叶片采用CST前缘修型对提升效率是有效的,在设计点状态附近效率提高0.1%,而膨胀比较低的大负攻角状态下效率提升0.3%～0.5%,损失降低的位置主要集中在叶展中部压力侧边界层和根部的二次流区域。     

具有边缘倒圆凹陷涡发生器换热性能实验

使用瞬态液晶(TLC)热像传热测试技术,对具有边缘倒圆的凹陷涡发生器局部传热特征和流动阻力进行了实验研究。凹陷边缘倒圆方案有2种:凹陷前边缘倒圆和凹陷边缘全部倒圆。凹陷的投影直径与通道高度比为1.0,凹陷深度与直径比为0.2,实验雷诺数范围为10 000~60 000。实验结果表明,在选取的雷诺数下,相比于光滑通道,边缘无倒圆的常规球型凹陷涡发生器阵列表面对流换热性能提升了约62.0%,相应的摩擦因子也增大了约73.0%。与无倒圆的常规球型凹陷涡发生器相比,边缘全倒圆的凹陷涡发生器换热性能提升了约3.6%,摩擦因子降低了约4.6%;前边缘倒圆的凹陷涡发生器换热性能提升了约11.0%,摩擦因子提高了约5.2%。综合看来,边缘倒圆使得凹陷涡发生器内部表面传热更加均匀;前边缘倒圆的凹陷涡发生器综合换热性能最高,比边缘无倒圆的常规凹陷涡发生器高出约9.6%;而边缘全部倒圆的凹陷涡发生器的综合换热性能比常规凹陷涡发生器高出近4.4%。     

A Review of the Attachment Line Instability for Hybrid Laminar Flow Control

This paper focuses on the investigation of the attachment line instability for Hybrid Laminar Flow Control （HLFC）, one of the most promising drag reduction technologies for modern transport aircraft respect to high Reynolds numbers and large sweep angles. The attachment line instability also plays an important role during laminar turbulent transition control and HLFC design on a swept wing. The overview of historical research is presented and knowledge gaps are pointed out as the conclusion.     

一种实用的边缘强度互相关匹配可信度分析方法

匹配可信度是衡量匹配质量的重要指标，针对归一化边缘强度互相关匹配算法，研究了基于神经网络的匹配可信度判别方法。通过对参考图进行加噪实验获得训练样本，对BP网络进行训练，并将训练后的网络用于匹配可信度的判别。针对实际卫片与航片图像对的实验结果，平均判决正确率达到90％以上，证实了该方法的有效性。     

稀薄气体效应对尖前缘气动热特性的影响研究

针对未来高超声速巡航飞行器尖化前缘、大升力面的构型特征,分别采用NS方法和DSMC方法,对高超飞行器局部部件的模化外形进行了努森数从0.01~0.5变化时气动特性的计算分析,对比了连续流方法与稀薄流方法所得结果的差异性,给出了稀薄效应对局部气动热特性影响的定量分析,旨在研究局部稀薄气体效应对气动热特性分布的影响规律。结果表明,努森数从0.04~0.5变化时,连续流方法和稀薄流方法所预测的峰值热流差距可达25%~40%,稀薄效应对热流的影响已达到不可忽视的地步。相对于热流而言,物面压力分布对稀薄效应的敏感性较弱,局部热流对这种局部稀薄效应非常敏感。NS方法所预测的结果普遍大于DSMC方法所得结果。
     

锯齿尾缘叶片气动特性数值模拟研究

使用数值模拟研究了静叶锯齿尾缘改型对3.5级压气机性能的影响,分析了锯齿形状、布置位置等对压气机转速特性的影响。结果表明,在进口导向叶片尾缘上全叶高开齿能够拓宽90%转速的压气机稳定工作范围,且对压比、效率的影响很小,而对100%转速特性影响不大;相对于本文开展的锯齿改型而言,齿宽小的结构优于齿宽大的锯齿,全叶高锯齿扩稳胜于部分叶高(叶尖)锯齿。这些研究加深了锯齿尾缘叶片对压气机性能影响的认识,为压气机扩稳研究提供了借鉴。     

Recent progress in flapping wing aerodynamics and aeroelasticity

Micro air vehicles (MAVs) have the potential to revolutionize our sensing and information gathering capabilities in areas such as environmental monitoring and homeland security. Flapping wings with suitable wing kinematics, wing shapes, and flexible structures can enhance lift as well as thrust by exploiting large-scale vortical flow structures under various conditions. However, the scaling invariance of both fluid dynamics and structural dynamics as the size changes is fundamentally difficult. The focus of this review is to assess the recent progress in flapping wing aerodynamics and aeroelasticity. It is realized that a variation of the Reynolds number (wing sizing, flapping frequency, etc.) leads to a change in the leading edge vortex (LEV) and spanwise flow structures, which impacts the aerodynamic force generation. While in classical stationary wing theory, the tip vortices (TiVs) are seen as wasted energy, in flapping flight, they can interact with the LEV to enhance lift without increasing the power requirements. Surrogate modeling techniques can assess the aerodynamic outcomes between two- and three-dimensional wing. The combined effect of the TiVs, the LEV, and jet can improve the aerodynamics of a flapping wing. Regarding aeroelasticity, chordwise flexibility in the forward flight can substantially adjust the projected area normal to the flight trajectory via shape deformation, hence redistributing thrust and lift. Spanwise flexibility in the forward flight creates shape deformation from the wing root to the wing tip resulting in varied phase shift and effective angle of attack distribution along the wing span. Numerous open issues in flapping wing aerodynamics are highlighted.     

Flow Field Investigation in a Trapezoidal Duct with Swirl Flow Induced by Impingement Jets

An enlarged model of trapezoidal duct near the leading-edge in the blade is built up. The effects of impingement jets, swirl flow, cross flow and effusion flow are considered. Experiments are performed to measure flow fields in this confined passage and exit holes on one of its side walls. Cross flow and effusion flow are induced in the channel by the outflow of side exit hole (SEH) and film cooling hole (FCH), which are oriented on one end wall and bottom wall of the passage. Detailed flow structures are measured for two impingement angles of 35° and 45° with 6 combinations of outflow ratios. Results show that the small jets impinge the target wall effectively while the large jets contribute to inducing and impelling a strong counter-clockwise vortex in the upper part of the passage. Cross flow plays a dominate role for the flow structures in the passage and exit holes. It deflects jets, enhances swirl and deteriorates side exit conditions. Impingement angle is another significant factor for the flow characteristics. Its effect reveals more evidently with cross flow. Within the present test conditions, the mass flow rates and outflow positions of FCHs have no distinct effect on the main flow structures.     

带有前缘气膜冷却燃气轮机叶片的气热耦合研究(英文)

使用气热耦合数值计算方法对带有"淋浴喷头"式前缘气膜冷却的C3X燃气轮机叶片进行数值模拟。通过对使用不同湍流模型的计算结果与实验测量值进行对比,使用转捩模型能够比较准确的模拟带有气膜冷却射流的边界层内的流动和传热过程。气膜冷却射流在叶片吸力面上游层流边界层区域内表现出比较明显的三维湍流特性,但在吸力面下游边界层转捩为湍流以后,湍流使得气膜冷却射流与主流燃气掺混过程加速而使其三维流动特性迅速消失;在吸力面由于边界层流动始终为层流状态,冷却射流与主流掺混较缓慢而使其仍能保持较强的三维湍流特性。边界层内由高温燃气与被冷却叶片之间温度差形成的温度梯度有益于增强边界层流动的稳定性。