基于均匀设计法的涡轮叶栅水滴型前缘修型结构的数值优化研究

为了最大程度地降低端区二次流对涡轮叶栅带来的流动损失,对某典型低压涡轮叶栅引入水滴型前缘修型结构并进行设计参数优化。首先使用控制变量法研究单一设计参数变化对流动控制效果的影响;然后基于均匀设计法,对不同设计参数组合的水滴型前缘修型结构的流动控制效果进行数值模拟,获取控制端区二次流最优的设计方案。结果表明：控制变量优化下的最佳设计方案可以使总压损失降低6.1%;均匀设计优化下的最佳设计方案可以使总压损失降低8.61%。与控制变量法相比,均匀设计法得到的水滴型前缘修型优化结构能够更大程度地降低前缘马蹄涡强度,延后通道涡到达吸力面的位置,减小通道涡对主流的影响范围,进而从流动机理层面证实了均匀设计法优化水滴型前缘修型的可行性。     

分流叶片前缘掠对微小型离心压气机气动性能影响

为了研究分流叶片前缘掠角对微小型离心叶轮流场及气动性能的影响,应用数值模拟及理论分析,对一带有分流叶片的离心叶轮进行了研究。结果表明：分流叶片前缘后掠增强离心叶轮气动性能的机制,一方面为分流叶片对主叶片泄漏涡的分流效应,以及分流叶片攻角增大致使其吸力面高速低压气流对主叶片泄漏涡的引射效应;另一方面,随分流叶片前掠角度增大,其肩部的膨胀及压缩效应增强,对主叶片压力面气动干扰增强,使主叶片压力面负荷降低,当分流叶片后掠角度增大时,气流相对分流叶片前缘攻角变大使分流叶片气动负荷变大,另外,攻角变大导致分流叶片吸力面气流加速、流线弯曲变大,气动负荷增大。在进行分流叶片设计时,权衡结构重量、气动性能等因素,建议分流叶片前缘后掠角取值在8°~16°。     

端面边缘效应对缠绕管件轴压强度的影响

建立了缠绕管件三维有限元模型,通过应力分析发现轴压条件下缠绕管件受压端面存在明显应力集中现象,由此预测管件受压端面边缘效应会导致管件轴压强度下降,通过三维有限元模型对端头加强和未加强管件的轴压强度分别进行了定量计算,得出端头加强管件的轴压强度明显高于未加强管件的轴压强度。在理论分析的基础上,设计了缠绕管件轴压性能实验,实验结果对理论分析结果进行了验证。研究结果表明,对缠绕管件进行端头加强后,可有效减轻端面效应对轴压强度的负面影响,轴压强度可提高30%以上。     

Integrated design of topology and material for composite morphing trailing edge based compliant mechanism

The morphing trailing edge based compliant mechanism is a developing technology which can increase lift-drag ratio for variable flight modes by bending down the trailing edge. Composite material design is integrated into topology optimization for the morphing trailing edge based compliant mechanism in the paper. A two-step optimization strategy is established to solve the integrated design problem. Initially, lamination parameters are introduced and viewed as a bridge between structure stiffness and fiber angles for composite material. Design variables include the lamination parameters and element density. The least-squares between actual and desired displacements at output points along trailing edge is adopted to evaluate the deformed capability of the trailing edge. An integrated optimization model for the composite morphing trailing edge is established with the volume constraints. The optimal topologic shape and lamination parameters are initially obtained. Subsequently, a least-squares optimization between fiber angles and the optimal lamination parameters is implemented to obtain optimal fiber angles. Finally, morphing capability of composites trailing edge based compliant mechanism is investigated by simulation and experiments. The results indicate the composites trailing edge based compliant mechanism can approximately bend down 8 degrees and satisfies the design requirement.     

Experimental study of flow field distribution over a generic cranked double delta wing

The flow fields over a generic cranked double delta wing were investigated. Pressure and velocity distributions were obtained using a Pitot tube and a hot wire anemometer. Two different leading edge shapes, namely ‘‘sharp" and ‘‘round", were applied to the wing. The wing had two sweep angles of 55° and 30°. The experiments were conducted in a closed circuit wind tunnel at velocity 20 m/s and angles of attack of 5°–20° with the step of 5°. The Reynolds number of the model was about 2 ×10~5 according to the root chord. A dual vortex structure was formed above the wing surface. A pressure drop occurred at the vortex core and the root mean square of the measured velocity increased at the core of the vortices, reflecting the instability of the flow in that region. The magnitude of power spectral density increased strongly in spanwise direction and had the maximum value at the vortex core. By increasing the angle of attack, the pressure drop increased and the vortices became wider; the vortices moved inboard along the wing, and away from the surface; the flow separation was initiated from the outer portion of the wing and developed to its inner part. The vortices of the wing of the sharp leading edge were stronger than those of the round one.     

基于直线成像特征的视觉测量系统综合标定方法

针对视觉测量系统存在复杂系统误差的特点,提出一种基于直线成像特征的系统综合标定方法,有效地保证了测量精度.该方法通过对1等量块的平行直线边缘提取,建立量块边缘空间物点位置和像点位置的原始对应关系,利用量块边缘的理想直线特征,通过统计计算对测量系统进行综合标定,建立描述空间物点位置和像点位置的相互对应关系的二元三次标定函数.对在测量范围内不同方位的量块进行多次测量,表明使用这种标定方法标定的视觉测量系统的测量精度能够达到.     

基于边缘特征和方向相关性的图像融合方法

不同传感器获得的多幅图像对同一场景的描述具有信息的冗余性和互补性,在小波图像融合的基础上提出了一种基于边缘和方向相关性的图像融合算法。对参加融合的两幅图像进行小波多尺度分解,对高低频子带系数分别采取不同的融合方法;根据高频分量不同的小波方向特性,采用基于方向相关系数的融合规则,而对低频分量采用能量和边缘特征相结合的融合方法;通过小波重构得到融合图像。实验结果表明,融合图像的视觉效果较好,客观评价指标均有提高。     

基于可编程GPU的多源图像融合

针对可编程GPU模型,提出了基于CPU-GPU的并行边缘强度加权融合算法,利用CPU和GPU协同工作模式达到图像融合的目的,其中CPU负责串行任务,而GPU负责并行任务。实验结果表明,并行边缘强度加权融合算法得到的融合图像有着较好的视觉效果,信息熵和QAB/F这两个评价指标均高于文中对比算法的相应指标;从运行时间上分析,基于CPU-GPU的融合方法所需要的运行时间远低于基于CPU方法所需要的运行时间,并且图像尺寸越大,加速比越高。     

飞机后缘复合材料夹层结构的稳定性计算方法

针对飞机后缘复合材料夹层结构稳定性计算没有工程方法的问题,利用飞机后缘夹层结构跨厚比大的特性,对结构适当简化,基于弹性结构的功能原理推导出一种飞机后缘复合材料夹层结构的稳定性计算方法,并通过数值算例将本文方法和有限元方法进行对比。结果表明,本文方法可行。     

风挡和座舱盖透明件边缘连接设计

边缘连接是风挡和座舱盖透明件故障高发区,从而影响了风挡和座舱盖的正常使用。为了解决问题,本文重点介绍了两种边缘连接方式,给出了优化设计方法。同时,对影响边缘连接的因素进行了分析,并通过试验进行验证,在实际应用中取得了良好效果。