Experimental study of an insert and its influence on churning losses in a high-speed electro-hydrostatic actuator pump of an aircraft

The speed of an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (EHA) pump can recently reach 20000 r/min, and its churning losses increase obviously with an increasing speed, which results in low efficiency and thus increasing heat in aircraft EHA systems. In order to reduce churning losses at high speeds, more attention should be given to the design of an insert. In this paper, the effect of an insert with different design parameters on churning losses is investigated through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation and experiments by calculating the difference between churning losses torques of the test pump with and without the insert based on a high-speed churning losses test rig. Analytical results show that the gap between the insert and the cylinder is critical for churning losses reduction. It is found that the churning losses of the test pump can be reduced with a decreasing gap between the cylinder block and the insert at high speeds. This is because the insert can decrease the turbulence occurrence at high speeds. The results can be used for flow field analysis and optimization of the high-speed EHA pump and provide a new method for improving efficiency of high-speed EHA pumps.     

透平叶片变切削加工工艺数据库设计与开发

透平叶片是透平机械的核心零件之一,因其复杂的曲面造型和低刚度性,被认为是机械加工中的难题.通过Visual Basic编程语言进行叶片切削工艺数据库开发,在功能上实现面向叶片工艺变切削参数智能推荐、相似工艺实例推理和数控加工工序卡片、程序清单的输出,方便企业用户使用,提高工作效率和准确性..     

Efficiency optimized fuel supply strategy of aircraft engine based on air-fuel ratio control

Accurate fuel injection control of aircraft engine can optimize the energy efficiency of UAV power system while meeting the propeller speed requirement. Traditional injection control method such as open-loop calibration causes instability of fuel supply which brings the risk of power loss of UAV. Considering that the closed-loop control of AFR can ensure a stable fuel feeding, this paper proposes an AFR control based fuel supply strategy in order to improve the efficiency of fuel-powered UAV while obtaining the required engine speed. According to the optimum fuel injection results, we implement fuzzy-PID method to control the set AFR in different situations. Through simulation and experiment studies, the results indicate that, to begin with, the calibrated mathematical model of the aircraft engine is effective. Next, this fuel supply strategy based on AFR control can normally realize the engine speed regulation, and the applied control algorithm can eliminate the overshoot of AFR throughout all the working progress. What is more,the fuel supply strategy can averagely shorten the response time of the engine speed by about two seconds. In addition, compared with the open-loop calibration, in this work the power efficiency is improved by 9% to 33%. Last but not the least, the endurance can be improved by 30 min with a normal engine speed. This paper can be a reference for the optimization of UAV aircraft engine.     

LaBr3(Ce)元件破损在线监测关键核素确定及效率校准

常用的元件破损在线监测方法受外在因素影响较大，以γ能谱中关键裂变产物核素比活度进行在线定量分析是一种可靠的元件破损监测方法。针对新型LaBr₃(Ce)元件破损监测仪，设计了元件破损模拟实验，对逸出的裂变产物采用HPGe和LaBr₃(Ce)探测器进行了对比测量。通过不同冷却时间γ能谱的核素分析，确定了¹³⁵Xe，⁸⁸Kr，¹³⁸Xe，⁸⁸Rb，¹³⁸Cs等可作为LaBr₃(Ce)元件破损γ能谱监测的关键核素。同时，制备了覆盖能量范围(250～2 400)keV，含⁶⁰Co，¹³⁷Cs，¹³³Ba；²⁴¹Am，¹⁵²Eu；¹⁰⁹Cd，⁸⁸Y，⁵⁷Co及²⁴Na的4组放射性标准溶液，在建立的效率校准系统上，校准了LaBr₃(Ce)在线监测仪的效率。在反应堆一次异常情况分析中，已校准的LaBr₃(Ce)元件破损监测仪对关键核素的现场分析结果与HPGe的取样分析结果一致，表明效率校准结果准确，校准方法可靠。     

低本底α、β测量仪效率校准研究

简述了低本底α、β测量仪效率校准的基本原理,研究了自吸收和面积与探测效率的关系,评定了效率校准中的不确定度,并分析了效率在α、β样品测量中的应用。     

影响液体火箭发动机涡轮效率的某些因素分析

分析了液体火箭发动机中所用涡轮的各种损失因素,并建立了相应的数学模型,给出了计算方法。对于喷嘴中的二相流损失,采用龙格-库塔法求解一维定常全耦合的二相流控制方程。用迭代的方法进行冲击式涡轮及有小反力度的涡轮的设计计算,以使设计出的涡轮参数与效率相统一。通过对计算路径的控制,使得本方法和程序能同时用于冲击式涡轮及有小反力度的涡轮的设计计算;在计算结果中,还着重对二相流损失对涡轮效率的影响进行了分析。     

高压空气动力系统及其生成效率

提出了全过程环保动力系统的概念及实现这一动力系统的要求。并提出一种符合该要求的动力系统实现方式——高压空气动力系统，该系统整个过程的效率受该系统的生成效率和释放效率两方面的影响。本文只讨论其生成效率及提高途径。     

低压涡轮气动/声学一体化设计——总体参数优化

低压涡轮是航空发动机的重要噪声源之一,同时也是影响发动机单位推力耗油率的重要部件之一。为适应新一代发动机高效、低噪的设计目标,提出了基于传统涡轮设计流程的低压涡轮气动/声学一体化设计思路,并以某一典型民用发动机6级低压涡轮的设计要求为例,对末级功分配、通道外径、涡轮出口马赫数、叶片数目等涡轮总体参数进行了优化探索。结果表明,文中提出的设计思路可以在涡轮设计的总体参数选取阶段对涡轮效率和噪声同时进行有效评估,以便合理地选取涡轮总体参数,是一种可行的高效、低噪涡轮设计方法。     

微细旋转超声加工材料去除机理及试验

文摘分析旋转超声加工材料去除机理,建立材料去除效率模型,探讨工艺参数对加工效率的影响规律;对压电陶瓷、有机玻璃、玻璃钢、紫铜等多种材料,进行单一超声和旋转超声加工材料去除效率对比试验,研究旋转超声加工方式对加工过程稳定性及加工效率的影响。结果表明:旋转超声加工可在保持原超声加工精度基础上,显著提高材料加工效率,且对较难超声加工材料(如有机玻璃),旋转超声提高其加工效率的效果更为显著。     

空间推进技术专刊——毛细管放电型脉冲等离子体推力器输出特性分析

为了研究毛细管放电型脉冲等离子体推力器输出特性,本文借助电学诊断手段展开实验研究,获得了推力器典型放电波形,系统研究了不同毛细管内径和施加电压对等离子体等效阻抗,沉积能量效率的影响规律。利用微冲量测量台架,测试了不同参数下毛细管推力器输出元冲量,并通过计算获得了推力器比冲、总体效率的变化规律。实验结果表明,当毛细管内径不断增大时,能量沉积效率不断下降,元冲量下降,比冲降低。主电容电压增大时,放电能量不断增大,能量沉积效率降低,元冲量和单次等效烧蚀质量不断增大,但推力器比冲和总体效率均先增加并趋于稳定。当毛细管腔体长度为16 mm,内径3 mm,主电容2.5 μF,充电电压为2 kV时,输出元冲量350.79±7.50 μN s,比冲531 s,总体效率可达18.3%。