多模式离子推力器流率特性实验研究

为了实现多模式离子推力器在宽功率范围内最优性能和可靠性,基于30cm多模式离子推力器通过实验开展了阴极和中和器羽状模式转变点流率、放电电压30V对应阴极流率和放电损耗曲线与束电流关系研究。30cm多模式离子推力器束电流从0.3A增加到3.3A时,阴极羽状模式转变点流率值从0.017mg/s增加到0.163mg/s,放电电压30V对应阴极流率从0.129mg/s增加到0.231mg/s,中和器羽状模式转变点流率从0.030mg/s增加到0.191mg/s。随放电室工质利用率的增加,在小束电流下放电损耗迅速增加;当束电流大于1.5A时,放电损耗对放电室工质利用率的变化较为迟钝。基于上述流率特性实验结果完成了30cm多模式离子推力器宽功率范围35个工作点下最佳流率设计。在设计的工作流率下,放电电压小于30V,阴极和中和器均工作在点状模式,实测推力为9.6mN~185.2mN、比冲为1332s~3568s、功率为258W~4761W。     

轻量化红外成像制导镜头设计与仿真

根据红外成像制导系统的轻量化、小型化、低成本发展需求,针对制导系统中的光学镜头进行轻量化设计。通过分析超透镜的波前调控原理和加工工艺,利用传输相位调控原理设计了基于硅和氟化钡材料的中红外波长超透镜,工作波长3 μm,镜头厚度小于1 mm,口径50 mm时重量小于10 g,热膨胀系数较低环境适应性好。利用时域有限差分法对超透镜进行了仿真,通过设置对称边界条件缩短了仿真时间。仿真结果表明,当超透镜数值孔径为0.45时,聚焦效率为85%,焦斑半高宽3.4 μm。     

F12/环氧复合材料力学性能研究

测定了Ｆ１２／环氧复合材料的基本力学性能,并比较了Ｆ１２纤维在单向板、强力环及薄壁容器中的纤维强度转化率。实验结果表明,Ｆ１２／环氧单向复合材料与其ＮＯＬ环的拉伸强度相近,而薄壁容器中的复合强度约为单向拉伸强度的６０％,但三种复合材料的纤维强度转化率相近,约为（７０．１±１．６）％。     

变形反射面天线的效率

基于场相关原理,导出了适用于反射面缓变变形的反射面天线效率表达式,并讨论了它与Rutz 公式的关系,为反射面天线的设计提供了更为准确的电磁与结构关系式。     

斜沟槽型机匣处理的实验研究

在一个亚音速的单级轴流压气机实验台上针对５种不同结构参数的斜沟槽型机匣处理进行了较为系统的实验研究。通过对总性能和基元性能,特别是叶片尖部流动的详细测量,证明了这种型式的处理机匣可以提高效率,但在稳定裕度上略有损失,并解释了其影响转子性能的机理。     

Challenges and perspectives of transport cargo vehicles utilization for performing research in free flight

Russian Progress transport cargo vehicles have successfully been used in different space station programs since 1978. At present time, they play an important role in the International Space Station (ISS) project. Main tasks performed by the transport cargo vehicle (TCV) in the station program are the following: refueling of the station, delivery of consumables and equipment, waste removal, station attitude control and orbit correction maneuver execution.     

Soybean cultivar selection for Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSSs) – Hydroponic cultivation

Four soybean cultivars (‘Atlantic’, ‘Cresir’, ‘Pr91m10’ and ‘Regir’), selected through a theoretical procedure as suitable for cultivation in BLSS, were evaluated in terms of growth and production. Germination percentage and Mean Germination Time (MGT) were measured. Plants were cultivated in a growth chamber equipped with a recirculating hydroponic system (Nutrient Film Technique). Cultivation was performed under controlled environmental conditions (12 h photoperiod, light intensity 350 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, temperature regime 26/20 °C light/dark, relative humidity 65–75%). Fertigation was performed with a standard Hoagland solution, modified for soybean specific requirements, and EC and pH were kept at 2.0 dS m⁻¹ and 5.5 respectively.     

电子侦察卫星反电子干扰措施分析

由于电子侦察卫星侦察的特殊性,针对其侦察特点,衍生了很多以削弱电子侦察卫星侦察效能为目的的卫星电子干扰。文章针对卫星电子侦察存在的弱点,分析了提高卫星侦察截获辐射源信号的功率措施,星载设备完全截获辐射源信号的测量条件措施,卫星完全截获到辐射源信号后的分析,以及对可能受到的反电子假目标干扰而提出的对抗措施,最终目的就是为了有效提高卫星侦察效能。     

一种对转涡轮性能基本分析

借鉴Stewart关于对转涡轮的效率分析方法,从速度三角形基本分析入手,以速功比为主要变量,通过与一级高压一级无导叶低压涡轮对转涡轮的比较,考察一级高压两级低压第一级无导叶对转涡轮性能特点。研究表明:各转速比下,后者对转涡轮高效率对应的总速功比范围都比前者对转涡轮窄,但其高效区发生在更小的总速功比区域;随转速比绝对值增加,两种涡轮高效率区都增加,且其位置均偏向更大的总速功比区域;相比于前者对转涡轮,后者对转涡轮具有较低出功比,且偏向于低速功比区域;随转速比绝对值增加,两种对转涡轮出功比范围均拓展。     

Recent active thermal management technologies for the development of energy-optimized aerospace vehicles in China

Recently, the development of modern vehicles has brought about aggressive integration and miniaturization of on-board electrical and electronic devices. It will lead to exponential growth in both the overall waste heat and heat flux to be dissipated to maintain the devices within a safe temperature range. However, both the total heat sinks aboard and the cooling capacity of currently utilized thermal control strategy are severely limited, which threatens the lifetime of the on-board equipment and even the entire flight system and shrink the vehicle’s flight time and range. Facing these thermal challenges, the USA proposed the program of “INVENT” to maximize utilities of the available heat sinks and enhance the cooling ability of thermal control strategies. Following the efforts done by the USA researchers, scientists in China fought their ways to develop thermal management technologies for Chinese advanced energy-optimized airplanes and spacecraft. This paper elaborates the available on-board heat sinks and aerospace thermal management systems using both active and passive technologies not confined to the technology in China. Subsequently, active thermal management technologies in China including fuel thermal management system, environment control system, non-fuel liquid cooling strategy are reviewed. At last, space thermal control technologies used in Chinese Space Station and Chang’e-3 and to be used in Chang’e-5 are introduced. Key issues to be solved are also identified, which could facilitate the development of aerospace thermal control techniques across the world.