大弯角串列叶型形状及相对位置的耦合优化设计

为了提高串列叶型设计的质量,建立了一套结合改进微粒群优化算法、自适应Kriging模型、非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)参数化方法的串列叶型优化设计系统。该系统可以实现叶型形状和叶型相对位置的耦合优化设计。提出了一种改进微粒群优化算法。在微粒群算法中,自适应改变微粒的惯性因子、学习因子、邻域微粒数目可以有效地平衡算法的全局和局部寻优能力。采用人工免疫算子对微粒群进行变异处理可以有效保持种群多样性。运用NURBS方法实现了串列叶型的参数化,设计了一种NURBS控制点的扰动方法,证明了改进EI(expected improvement)准则能使Kriging模型更容易跳出局部最优解。应用该系统优化某大弯角串列叶型,优化结果表明:在设计工况,优化后叶型的总压损失系数降低了40.4%,优化后的叶型在全攻角下的总压损失系数减小了,静压升增加了,在正攻角下的性能改善更明显,证明了该研究的耦合优化设计方法具有很好的实际应用价值。     

含位置给定轨迹优化的位置伺服复合控制系统研究

位置动态响应速度快和响应无超调是目前高性能位置伺服系统的两个重要指标。单纯的比例或比例微分位置调节器无法同时满足这两个要求,所以提出了一种新型定位复合控制策略。首先为保证运动过程柔滑无冲击而设定速度余弦函数曲线给定,从而根据平滑变化的速度给定对位置给定信号进行轨迹优化,避免了加速度突变带来的冲击。系统控制结构上提出在前馈控制的基础上引入位置伪微分负反馈控制环节,该环节增加了系统阻尼,减少位置超调量,同时结合前馈控制保证了位置快速跟踪性能。由于采用了伪微分结构代替位置微分运算,避免了微分带来的量化噪声干扰,进一步提升了系统跟踪性能。最后给出了结构参数的取值范围。仿真和试验结果验证了该控制策略的可行性和有效性。     

高超末段机动突防/精确打击弹道建模与优化

针对高超声速飞行器再入末段机动突防、精确打击问题,从最优控制角度出发,提出了一种考虑拦截弹动力学特性的最优机动突防弹道优化方法,获得了高超声速飞行器的最大机动能力。该方法将拦截弹运动模型引入突防弹道优化的模型中,通过施加约束限制拦截弹按照比例导引律飞行。根据飞行任务和交战双方的弹道特点分段,结合各段的任务和特性,分别提出了突防性能指标和精确打击性能指标等,并通过加权函数将各个独立、矛盾的性能指标统一,建立了多对象、多段、多约束机动突防弹道优化模型,采用Radau多段伪谱法（MRPM）进行求解。针对该问题求解的初值敏感、可行域窄等问题,提出了一系列弹道优化策略,提高了收敛速度和求解精度,最终获得了最优机动弹道,并通过协态映射原理对其最优性进行了验证。结果表明,该方法能充分发挥高超声速飞行器的机动能力,获得满足落点精度要求的突防弹道,相对已有方法,将脱靶量提高了1~2个量级。灵敏度分析表明,该弹道对拦截弹的发射时间不敏感。      

空间核电推进系统比质量优化建模及其木星探测应用分析

空间核电推进(Nuclear Electric Propulsion,NEP)系统是一种将核热能转换成电能,并驱动大功率电推力器而产生推力的革命性空间推进技术。和传统推进技术相比,NEP具有高比冲、大功率、长寿命等技术优势,非常适合未来大规模深空探测任务。基于NEP系统组成和小推力轨道理论,建立了以有效载荷为目标的NEP系统比质量优化模型。该模型能够解析NEP航天器的轨道运行时间、比质量、功率与有效载荷比的复杂耦合关系,为任务优化提供了计算依据。最后,利用该模型对NEP系统完成NASA "Juno号"航天任务进行了技术指标评估分析。计算表明,当NEP系统比质量达到4.8 kg/kWe时,其能将"Juno号"航天任务的地木转移时间由2 266 d缩短至665 d,有效载荷由160 kg提高到1 179 kg,极大地提高了航天器的探测能力,为任务方案的可行性论证和后续设计提供参考。     

利于翼型优化设计的超临界翼型参数化方法

为减少超临界翼型优化中的设计变量,消除优化结果的不光顺现象、保证C₂连续,在优化过程中控制翼型几何特性的变化范围,设计出了由4条首尾相接的有理Bézier曲线表示的超临界翼型的翼型参数化方法,该方法对翼型数据的参数化过程中主要运用了Bézier曲线拟合算法与SPSA(Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation)优化算法,并在Bézier曲线拟合算法中使用了有别于常用方法的数据点参数选择方法.将这种超临界翼型参数化方法与优化算法结合便可实现翼型优化设计,其中的设计变量为21个,优化结果不仅光顺且满足C₂条件,通过设定设计变量变化范围便可控制相应的翼型前缘半径、上下弦最高最低点的位置与曲率、尾部契角等几何特征.      

Index allocation for a reusable LOX/CH4 rocket engine

Reusable rocket engines are the core components of reusable launch vehicles, and have thus become a major focus of aerospace engineering research in recent years. In practice, subsystem design is based on the overall index allocation of an engine; therefore, a multidisciplinary optimization approach is necessary. In this study, design of a reusable methane/liquid oxygen (LOX/CH4) rocket engine with a gas generator cycle was investigated using multidisciplinary optimization. Two parameters were chosen as design variables: pressure and fuel mix ratio of the main combustion chamber. Optimization objectives were specific impulse, structural mass, and life cycle cost of the reusable rocket engine, and constraints were assigned to each discipline according to rocket design requirements. Then, an optimization model was developed, and optimal design parameters were acquired for the LOX/CH4 rocket engine. The proposed method is effective for designing the index allocation of reusable rocket engines and takes into account the multidisciplinary nature of complex systems.     

Review of hybrid electric powered aircraft,its conceptual design and energy management methodologies

The paper overviews the state-of-art of aircraft powered by hybrid electric propulsion systems. The research status of the design and energy management of hybrid aircraft and hybrid propulsion systems are further reviewed. The first contribution of the review is to demonstrate that, in the context of relatively underdeveloped electrical storage technologies, the study of mid-scale hybrid aircraft can contribute the most to both theoretical and practical knowledge. Meanwhile, the profits and potential drawbacks of applying hybrid propulsion to mid-scale hybrid airplanes have not been thoroughly illustrated. Secondly, as summed in the overview of design methodologies, the multi-objective optimization transcends the single-objective one. The potential of the hybrid propulsion system can be thoroughly evaluated in only one optimization run, if several objectives optimized simultaneously. Yet there are few researches covering the conceptual design of hybrid aircraft using multi-objective optimization. The review of the most popular energy management strategies discloses the third research gap—current methodologies favoured in hybrid ground vehicles do not consider the aircraft safety. Additionally, both non-causal and causal energy management are needed for performing a complicated flight mission with several sub-tasks.     

超临界翼型低雷诺数流动分析及优化设计

以高空长航时无人机(UAV)翼型研究为背景,对超临界RAE2822翼型在高空高亚声速下的低雷诺数气动特性进行了数值模拟及优化设计研究。采用求解雷诺平均N-S方程的有限体积法,对典型低雷诺数下RAE2822翼型绕流进行数值模拟,验证了SST k-ω湍流模型的可靠性和准确性;基于不同高度不同雷诺数下RAE2822翼型的计算气动力对比分析,研究了高度增大所带来的低雷诺数效应;通过对低雷诺数下超临界翼型表面流场结构及流动机理的详细分析,提出了一种弱化激波的翼型设计思想,并通过优化算例验证了该思想的可行性。