卫星自主导航系统存在常值偏差的滤波方法研究

由于敏感器常值偏差对导航精度影响较大,因此有必要对其进行标定。考虑到传统常偏扩维算法计算量大,且可能出现数值病态的问题,提出了两步UKF算法,该算法对状态和偏差实施分离估计,从而达到解耦目的。不仅能够准确标定常值偏差,而且还可以提高导航精度。近地卫星自主导航系统仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

Higher order ionospheric propagation effects on GPS radio occultation signals

With the increasing number of remote sensing satellites using the GPS radio occultation technique for atmospheric sounding, the estimation of higher order ionospheric effects and their mitigation have become relevant and important. Due to long ionospheric limb paths, GPS signals are strongly affected by ionospheric refraction during radio occultation. Standard dual-frequency GPS measurements may be used to estimate the first order term of the refractive index. However, non-linear terms such as the second and third order ionospheric terms and ray path bending effects are not considered in occultation measurements so far. Analysing selected CHAMP–GPS occultation events different higher order ionospheric terms are estimated and their effects on dual-frequency range estimation and total electron content (TEC) estimation are discussed. We have found that the separation between the GPS L1 and L2 ray paths exceeds the kilometer level during occultation for a vertical TEC level of more than 160 TEC units. Corresponding errors in the GPS dual-frequency range estimation and TEC estimation are found to exceed the meter and 10 TEC units level, respectively.     

基于瞬时相位的BPSK信噪比估计算法

通过对加性高斯白噪声条件下正弦型信号瞬时相位分布情况进行研究,提出了一种新的BPSK(Binary Phase Shift Keying)信噪比估计方法.含噪信号瞬时相位的方差与信噪比之间存在近似线性的一一对应关系,以此为基础通过将含噪信号的估计方差与理论值相比较获得信噪比估计值.该方法直接对基带过采样信号进行处理,不需要事先进行符号定时与同步.使用计算机仿真测试了算法的估计性能,并与高阶累积量方法和子空间分解方法进行了比较,结果表明该算法具有更高的估计精度.      

Simulations of absorbed dose on the phantom surface of MATROSHKA-R experiment at the ISS

The health risks associated with exposure to various components of space radiation are of great concern when planning manned long-term interplanetary missions, such as future missions to Mars. Since it is not possible to measure the radiation environment inside of human organs in deep space, simulations based on radiation transport/interaction codes coupled to phantoms of tissue equivalent materials are used. However, the calculated results depend on the models used in the codes, and it is therefore necessary to verify their validity by comparison with measured data. The goal of this paper is to compare absorbed doses obtained in the MATROSHKA-R experiment performed at the International Space Station (ISS) with simulations performed with the three-dimensional Monte Carlo Particle and Heavy-Ion Transport code System (PHITS). The absorbed dose was measured using passive detectors (packages of thermoluminescent and plastic nuclear track detectors) placed on the surface of the spherical tissue equivalent phantom MATROSHKA-R, which was exposed aboard the ISS in the Service Zvezda Module from December 2005 to September 2006. The data calculated by PHITS assuming an ISS shielding of 3 g/cm² and 5 g/cm² aluminum mass thickness were in good agreement with the measurements. Using a simplified geometrical model of the ISS, the influence of variations in altitude and wall mass thickness of the ISS on the calculated absorbed dose was estimated. The uncertainties of the calculated data are also discussed; the relative expanded uncertainty of absorbed dose in phantom was estimated to be 44% at a 95% confidence level.     

Precise line-of-sight vector estimation based on an inter-satellite radio frequency system

This paper proposes a precise line-of-sight (LOS) vector estimation using an inter-satellite radio frequency system. GNSS-like technology is inherited such that the ranging signals are locally generated inside the formation. However, the approach differs from the standard GNSS model usage in that the LOS vector to be of a unit length is fully explored as a priori constraint for the carrier phase integer ambiguity resolution. The constraint is lumped to the mapping process from the real-valued ambiguities to the integers by what is called validation or subset ambiguity bounding. These two approaches have the same rules of regarding the constraint as a gateway to accept or reject the ambiguity candidates, but differ by using “all-ambiguity-set” and “subset-ambiguity”. Both show remarkable improvement with up to 80% lower integer fixing failure rates than without treating the constraint. Validation provides a slightly better performance than the subset ambiguity bounding in terms of the integer fixing failure rates and the computational efficiency. The predefined tolerance regions that are critical for these two methods are analytically determined as function of the carrier noise. The paper also introduces a LOS dependent ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP_LOS) measure that can serve as a metric to characterize the expectation of being able to successfully resolve the ambiguities. The region of ADOP_LOS lower than 0.21 is empirically summarized as the safe region where the integer fixing failure rates are less than 1%. A closed form of the ADOP_LOS is derived which is able to capture the impact of the various factors. Antenna baseline geometries and multiple frequencies in the form of an ultra-BOC signal structure are demonstrated as the most important influencing factors. With multiple properly arrayed antennas and using ultra-BOC structure, instantaneous ambiguity resolution can be achieved and the LOS accuracy can reach millimeter level.     

单人行走运动参数估计方法

人体运动雷达微多普勒能够为目标识别提供特征。由于行人雷达回波的复杂性,从雷达回波中提取运动参数难度很大。为了实现目标精确识别,提出了一种估计单人行走平动速度、步态周期和步长的方法。首先应用广义S变换(GST)得到雷达回波的微多普勒谱,然后提取出躯干部位的微多普勒分量,并将此分量转为一维时间频率序列,最后从序列中直接估计行走的平动速度和步态周期,用这2个估计值间接估计步长。仿真实验证明:本文方法抗噪声性能好,当信噪比大于4 dB时,估计精度高。      

基于UKF参数估计的地月自由返回轨道设计

为快速简便地设计地月自由返回轨道,提出了一种基于UKF参数估计算法的地月自由返回轨道设计方法。该算法不仅避免了传统数值方法推导相关梯度矩阵的复杂性,而且只需基于地月系统二体模型给出猜测初值,从而显著降低了自由返回轨道设计的难度,将地月自由返回轨道对应的两点边值问题的求解转化为参数估计问题,该算法可以得到高精度模型下收敛的精确解。数值仿真结果表明:该算法结构简洁,求解效率较高,所得结果精确且具有良好的鲁棒性,可以作为地月自由返回轨道设计的一个有力工具。     

火星沙尘环境光学图像增强方法

针对火星探测器着陆时沙尘天气对机器视觉的影响,提出一种去除沙尘天气对光学成像影响的方法,为视觉系统提供清晰输入图像。首先对受沙尘天气影响的图像建立模型,然后求取模型中大气光值与透射系数值。对于大气光值的计算采用基于四叉树细分的方法,在最小值图像上搜寻指定阈值面积中灰度均值最大的区域,在初始图像中相同区域计算各通道均值,作为大气光值。在此基础上计算透射系数,完成清晰图像的恢复。通过对受沙尘影响图像测试表明,该方法能够将受沙尘影响的图像恢复成清晰的图像。即使在复杂的环境中,该方法对光照变化、沙尘强度变化和场景变化等仍具有较好的效果。与其他方法相比,本文方法在去除沙尘对光学图像影响方面效果较好,在恢复图像评价指标等方面优于其他方法,能够进一步提高图像清晰度,为光学图像的后期处理提供更丰富信息。      

灰色理论在垃圾气化过程中NOx排放定量预测的应用

本文把灰色理论及方法应用于对垃圾气化处理的NOx排放的定量预测中。建立了一定工况条件下的垃圾气化处理中的NOx排放的灰色预测模型。所建模型的预测结果与实际值的误差只有1％左右。通过本文的实例表明，该方法具有预测精度高、简便易行的优点。对固体废物的气化处理过程中的污染物排放控制具有指导意义。     

基于粘接元技术的区域分裂解法及其应用

针对线性椭圆型问题的，发展了一种无重叠区域分裂方法，首先引入了Lagrange乘子，以使子域交界处解的连续性约束条件获得弱满足。接着重点讨论了Lagrange乘子的近似空间，即粘接元（mortar elements)空间的建立，以及所引起的离散鞍点问题的共轭梯度迭代解法。这种区域分裂方法非常适用于网格不匹配情形。然后，对基于二阶鼓包（bump)函数近似的当地事后误差估算方法提出改进，以使之适应于区分裂情形，我们还将上述方法应用于广义Stokes问题。最后，给出了以误差估算值为准确则的自适应网格上的数值结果。