激光器性能综合测试设备研制

介绍了激光器的主要性能指标,根据实际需要进行了激光性能测试设备的研究,提出了一种周全的激光性能测试设备研制方案,对该设备的结构设计、光路设计、以及测试方法作了详尽论述。设备中利用两对相互垂直的P分光镜和S分光镜以补偿偏振光在45°面上透反射率不同而造成的测量误差,进一步保证了激光能量测试的准确性。误差分析结果表明该设备满足实际应用中对激光器性能的测试要求。     

基于中介理论与交通特性的终端区态势评价

终端区交通态势的准确度量是制定并实施流量管理措施的重要依据之一。通过提取终端区宏观与微观的交通特性,从进离场及总量3个维度构建态势的指标描述,并进一步采用中介理论中的真值程度度量与熵权法建立了一种客观的终端区飞行区交通态势模糊综合评价方法,实现客观、准确的交通态势判别与样本间量化比较。选取国内典型繁忙终端区的实测数据,验证了评价方法与特性指标的有效性。     

无定向激光陀螺捷联惯组标定方法的对比研究

对三种无定向激光陀螺捷联惯组标定方法进行了对比研究,详细分析了各种方案的标定原理,提出了利用标准差作为评价标定方法优劣的指标.结合对某一激光陀螺捷联惯组标定试验结果的分析,得到了在无北向基准的情况下,三种标定方法在标定时间和标定精度两个指标上的对比结果,为无定向激光捷联惯组的标定提供了指导,具有较大的工程应用价值.     

温度对飞机燃油射流泵工作特性影响

建立了射流泵数学模型,采用数值计算方法对其工作特性进行了模拟,搭建了实验台,采用RP-3燃油,通过实验数据验证了模型的正确性.在此基础上,分别选择了RP-3和JET-A两种燃油,计算了从-40℃~40℃温度下,不同操作压力对射流泵流量比的影响.结果表明:燃油温度高于0℃时,温度对射流泵工作特性影响并不明显,随着温度的降低,射流泵性能与标准温度下（20℃）偏差越来越大,且压比越高此偏差越明显.当温度高于0℃时,采用RP-3和JET-A燃油性能相差不大,RP-3燃油性能略优于JET-A燃油,但是在低温下,RP-3燃油性能远高于JET-A燃油.因此当燃油温度较低且压比较高时,必须充分考虑温度对射流泵特性的影响.      

In-orbit assessment of laser retro-reflector efficiency onboard high orbiting satellites

The navigation and geodetic satellites that orbit the Earth at altitudes of approximately 20,000 km are tracked routinely by many of the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations of the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS). In order to meet increasing demands on SLR stations for daytime and nighttime observations, any new mission needs to ensure a strong return signal so that the target is easily acquirable. The ILRS has therefore set a minimum effective cross-section of 100 million square metres for the on-board laser retro-reflector arrays (LRAs) and further recommends the use of ‘uncoated’ cubes in the arrays. Given the large number of GNSS satellites that are currently supported by SLR, it is informative to make an assessment of the relative efficiencies of the various LRAs employed. This paper uses the laser ranging observations themselves to deduce and then compare the efficiencies of the LRAs on the COMPASS-M1 navigation satellite, two satellites from the GPS and three from the GLONASS constellations, the two GIOVE test satellites from the upcoming Galileo constellation, the two Etalon geodetic spheres and the geosynchronous communications test satellite, ETS-8. All the LRAs on this set of satellites employ back-coated retro-reflector cubes, except those on the COMPASS-M1 and ETS-8 vehicles which are uncoated. A measure of return signal strength, and thus of LRA-efficiency, is calculated using the laser-range full-rate data archive from 2007 to 2010, scaled to remove the effects of variations in satellite range, atmospheric attenuation and retro-reflector target total surface area. Observations from five SLR stations are used in this study; they are Herstmonceux (UK), Yarragadee (Australia), Monument Peak and McDonald (USA) and Wettzell (Germany). Careful consideration is given to the treatment of the observations from each station in order to take account of local working practices and system upgrades. The results show that the uncoated retro-reflector cubes offer significant improvements in efficiency.     

Determination of station positions and velocities from laser ranging observations to Ajisai,Starlette and Stella satellites

The positions and velocities of the four Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations: Yarragadee (7090), Greenbelt (7105), Graz (7839) and Herstmonceux (7840) from 5-year (2001–2005) SLR data of low orbiting satellites (LEO): Ajisai, Starlette and Stella were determined. The orbits of these satellites were computed from the data provided by 20 SLR stations. All orbital computations were performed by means of NASA Goddard’s GEODYN-II program. The geocentric coordinates were transformed to the topocentric North–South, East–West and Vertical components in reference to ITRF2005. The influence of the number of normal points per orbital arc and the empirical acceleration coefficients on the quality of station coordinates was studied. To get standard deviation of the coordinates determination lower than 1 cm, the number of the normal points per site had to be greater than 50. The computed positions and velocities were compared to those derived from LAGEOS-1/LAGEOS-2 data. Three parameters were used for this comparison: station coordinates stability, differences from ITRF2005 positions and velocities. The stability of coordinates of LEO satellites is significantly worse (17.8 mm) than those of LAGEOS (7.6 mm), the better results are for Ajisai (15.4 mm) than for Starlette/Stella (20.4 mm). The difference in positions between the computed values and ITRF2005 were little bit worse for Starlette/Stella (6.6 mm) than for LAGEOS (4.6 mm), the results for Ajisai were five times worse (29.7 mm) probably due to center of mass correction of this satellite. The station velocities with some exceptions were on the same level (≈1 mm/year) for all satellites. The results presented in this work show that results from Starlette/Stella are better than those from Ajisai for station coordinates determination. We can applied the data from LEO satellites, especially Starlette and Stella for determination of the SLR station coordinates but with two times lower accuracy than when using LAGEOS data.     

多孔介质隔热材料中的辐射热传递分析

新型的多孔材料以其重量轻、强度高备受航天工程设计人员的亲睐,尤其是作为隔热材料使用,可以说是航天工程热防护系统的热门材料.多孔介质在辐射热传递方面具有吸收发射和散射的功能,这些功能在其接受外来热流的作用下,于内部达到热能量平衡,求解这一平衡方程就可以求出辐射热流在材料中的分布.由于求解这一方程的困难,许多学者对材料特性...     

相变光盘多层膜系结构的最佳光匹配研究

论述了相变光盘最佳膜系结构的设计。采用导纳矩阵法计算膜系的能量反射率，用量优化计算方法编程计算，提出了第二大极值解作为在工艺上可行的实用光盘的膜系结构，并按这种膜系结构制作样品，其擦写循环数达１００万次上。     

Halo White Dwarfs and Baryonic Dark Matter

We describe the formation of hot intergalactic gas along with baryonic remnants in galaxy halos. In this scenario, the mass and metallicity of the hot intracluster and intragroup gas relates directly to the production of baryonic remnants during the collapse of galactic halos. We construct a schematic but self-consistent model in which early bursts of star formation lead to a large remnant population in the halo, and to the outflow of stellar ejecta into the halo and ultimately the Local Group. We consider local as well as high redshift constraints on this scenario. This study suggests that the microlensing objects in the Galactic halo may predominantly be 0.5M white dwarfs, assuming that the initial mass function for early star formation favored the formation of intermediate mass stars with m 1M. However, the bulk of the baryonic dark matter in this scenario is associated with the ejecta of the white dwarf progenitors, and resides in the hot intergalactic medium.     

线性调频半导体激光衍射光栅干涉仪

介绍一种以线性调频半导体激光为光源的衍射光栅干涉仪。激光与光栅上衍射的±１级衍射波会合，由于有光程差而发生光拍频，测量拍频信号的相位移则可测得光栅的位移。设计了一种克服激光波长漂移和空气折射率变化影响的对称差动光路，使这种方法达到实用化的程度，分辨力达到纳米级。此外，还介绍了应用于接触干涉仪的实验情况。