Cleaning space debris with a space-based laser system

High-energy pulsed laser radiation may be the most feasible means to mitigate the threat of collision of a space station or other valuable space assets with orbital debris in the size range of 1–10 cm. Under laser irradiation, part of the debris material is ablated and provides an impulse to the debris particle. Proper direction of the impulse vector either deflects the object trajectory or forces the debris on a trajectory through the upper atmosphere, where it burns up. Most research concentrates on ground-based laser systems but pays little attention to space-based laser systems.There are drawbacks of a ground-based laser system in cleaning space debris. Therefore the placement of a laser system in space is proposed and investigated. Under assumed conditions,the elimination process of space debris is analyzed. Several factors such as laser repetition frequency, relative movement between the laser and debris, and inclination of debris particles which may exercise influence to the elimination effects are discussed. A project of a space-based laser system is proposed according to the numerical results of a computer study. The proposed laser system can eliminate debris of 1–10 cm and succeed in protecting a space station.     

高强铝合金热冲压冷模具复合成型

介绍了关于铝合金板材的一种热冲压冷模具淬火复合成型工艺。该工艺在铝合金板材的成型过

程中,同步完成铝合金板材的淬火,随后进行人工时效,极大地提高了铝合金板材的成型极限和强度。因此,成型

件具有更轻的质量,更高的强度和更复杂的几何形状。最后讨论了使用该成型工艺的成型件在航天领域应用前

景。通过对铝合金板材复合成型工艺和应用的介绍,可为我国铝合金板材成型工艺发展和工业化提供参考。

     

Design and experiment of onboard laser time transfer in Chinese Beidou navigation satellites

High-precision time synchronization between satellites and ground stations plays the vital role in satellite navigation system. Laser time transfer (LTT) technology is widely recognized as the highest accuracy way to achieve time synchronization derived from satellite laser ranging (SLR) technology. Onboard LTT payload has been designed and developed by Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, and successfully applied to Chinese Beidou navigation satellites. By using the SLR system, with strictly controlling laser firing time and developing LTT data processing system on ground, the high precise onboard laser time transfer experiment has been first performed for satellite navigation system in the world. The clock difference and relative frequency difference between the ground hydrogen maser and space rubidium clocks have been obtained, with the precision of approximately 300 ps and relative frequency stability of 10E−14. This article describes the development of onboard LTT payload, introduces the principle, system composition, applications and LTT measuring results for Chinese satellite navigation system.     

Pulsed laser interactions with space debris: Target shape effects

Among the approaches to the proposed mitigation and remediation of the space debris problem is the de-orbiting of objects in low Earth orbit through irradiation by ground-based high-intensity pulsed lasers. Laser ablation of a thin surface layer causes target recoil, resulting in the depletion of orbital angular momentum and accelerated atmospheric re-entry. However, both the magnitude and direction of the recoil are shape dependent, a feature of the laser-based remediation concept that has received little attention. Since the development of a predictive capability is desirable, we have investigated the dynamical response to ablation of objects comprising a variety of shapes. We derive and demonstrate a simple analytical technique for calculating the ablation-driven transfer of linear momentum, emphasizing cases for which the recoil is not exclusively parallel to the incident beam. For the purposes of comparison and contrast, we examine one case of momentum transfer in the low-intensity regime, where photon pressure is the dominant momentum transfer mechanism, showing that shape and orientation effects influence the target response in a similar, but not identical, manner. We address the related problem of target spin and, by way of a few simple examples, show how ablation can alter the spin state of a target, which often has a pronounced effect on the recoil dynamics.     

空间推进系统铝合金组件激光焊阈值特性

为解决空间推进系统直属组件轻量化需求,对新采用的铝合金材料进行了激光焊阈值特性研究。结果表明,铝合金激光焊阈值区间与焊接速度和离焦量的绝对值正相关,但正向变化幅度远低于不锈钢、镍合金和钛合金等材料。对于光束质量不同的激光焊机来说,光束的焦斑直径越小,实焦焊时阈值区间越低;光束的发散角越小,相同离焦量下阈值区间越低。在-12°～12°内,铝合金激光焊阈值区间与入射角无关。保护气的吹送方向和吹送速度基本不改变铝合金激光焊的阈值区间,此特性与不锈钢等材料略有区别。     

基于DDS+PLL的光源调制与功率稳定控制方法CSCD

量子传感器是基于量子操控技术的研究成果,一般具有高精度、小体积等优势。激光器是量子传感器的核心部件,有抽运和检测功能,激光器的稳定性对量子传感器具有重要的意义。提出了一种直接数字合成法(DDS)与锁相回路(PLL)相结合的方法,对激光器进行调制并抑制调制噪声,实现了激光器的稳定输出。基于现有小型量子传感器装置,在DDS生成4kHz参考信号的情况下实现了激光器电流8kHz调制,抑制了调制时调制电流信号噪声约8dB,并提高了激光器输出光功率的稳定性。     

稀土镁合金铸件表面微观缺陷形成机理及修复技术

VW63Z稀土镁合金铸件表面微观缺陷经过荧光检测的结果表现为“条状荧光”现象，当该缺陷出现在铸件非加工面时，由于无法经过机械加工去除将直接导致铸件报废。本文探究了铸件表面缺陷的微观组织及其形成机理，结果表明微观缺陷主要成分为稀土氧化物的双层氧化膜，其中部分存在夹杂物；金属液汇流导致表面微观缺陷更易形成。应用激光熔凝技术对铸件表面微观缺陷进行处理，当平顶激光束输出功率为800 W时，重熔层组织呈树枝晶形貌特征，晶粒细小并与基体结合良好，重熔层深度约为915 μm，控制铸件热影响范围的同时基本可以修复铸件表面缺陷，原缺陷位置荧光检测未见条纹状缺陷。     

面向航天应用的液态金属相变传热性能研究

为探究液态金属相变材料的适用范围，本文使用数值模拟手段，比较分析了以镓为代表的低熔点金属与以正十八烷为代表的石蜡类相变材料之间的传热性能。结果表明，镓更适用于应对瞬时高热流冲击，即高热流、短时间工作的电子设备散热；而正十八烷适用于低热流、较长时间工作的电子设备控温。此外，单位体积相变材料，镓模块的热控时间长于正十八烷模块；单位质量相变材料，镓模块在短时间内占优，长时间内正十八烷模块占优。针对潜在应用场景进行分析，表明了液态金属相变材料可用于航天天线TR组件和激光器芯片控温。     

3D打印技术在空间站梦天实验舱上的应用

面对梦天实验舱次结构减重需求，提出了面向3D打印技术的次结构拓扑优化设计的方法，完成并掌握了3D打印次结构从设计、工艺、制造、检验等全周期的研制流程。在梦天实验舱发射载荷条件下，通过结构有限元分析及试验验证，对3D打印次结构性能进行了考核。结果表明:在具有一定强度和刚度裕度的前提下，支架减重效果较为明显，面向3D打印技术的次结构拓扑优化设计的方法具有广阔的工程应用前景。     

大气探测激光雷达组网观测一致性研究

通过激光遥感获取气溶胶、云垂直分布情况，对研究气溶胶、云微物理特性、辐射强迫效应以及污染物传输等具有重大意义。在实际应用中激光雷达受激光器能量、发散角以及透过率等影响，会导致各雷达面对同一目标物探测数据不一致。随着地基大气探测激光雷达逐步规模化、标准化，对雷达组网观测一致性开展研究具有重要意义。为保证组网激光雷达数据高质量和高可靠性，在雷达系统自标定基础上，利用太阳光度计、大气分子模型获取激光雷达系统常数，确保各激光雷达回波信号定量可比。通过激光雷达组网观测进行探测目标一致性比对试验，以验证激光雷达系统探测一致性精度。结果表明：标定后，532 nm距离修正信号在1~2 km区间相对偏差从64.89%降低到22.16%，在2~5 km区间相对偏差从49.26%降低到8.90%，在9.5~11.5 km相对偏差从46.83%降低到10.91%；532 nm退偏比在1~2 km区间相对偏差从69.68%降低到20.68%，在2~5 km区间相对偏差从71.24%降低到6.69%，在9.5~11.5 km相对偏差从140.24%降低到9.02%；532 nm后向散射系数在1~2 km区间相对偏差从37.45%降低到23.63%，在2~5 km区间相对偏差从29.15%降低到21.45%，在9.5~11.5 km相对偏差从76.02%降低到24.16%。组网激光雷达数据结果一致性较好，可在多站点进行高精度探测，在气候变化研究、碳排放监测和环境研究等领域发挥重要作用，为大规模大气变化规律研究提供高质量、有效数据。