成形极限预测韧性断裂准则及屈服准则的影响

将韧性断裂准则用于预测板材成形极限,通过数值模拟HS钢、IF钢和6111-T4铝合金3种板材在单向拉伸、平面应变和双向等拉等不同应变路径下的变形过程,获得试件中心区域主应变最大单元的应变历史,结合成形极限实验数据计算韧性断裂准则的材料常数;通过对接近平面应变变形路径下的模拟结果与实验获得的网格应变相比较分析了Hill48,Hill90和Barlat89 3种各向异性屈服准则对模拟获得的应变路径的影响.结果表明,Barlat89屈服准则可以较好地描述单元的应变路径;在此基础上比较了几种韧性断裂准则用于预测板材断裂成形极限的计算结果, Cockcroft-Latham准则和总塑性功准则的计算结果比较理想,材料常数的确定也较为简单.      

Ti-15-3环板的翻孔成型研究

针对Ti—15—3环板零件的形状特点,分析了成型工艺的几种可能性,说明了翻孔成型的优点。详细介绍了钛合金环板翻孔成型工艺过程,对成型中遇到的工艺技术难题提出了解决办法,如工艺参数的选取、成型模具的结构设计及零件回弹量的确定方法等。对此类零件的成型生产具有一定的借鉴作用。     

变摩擦控制厚度分布的TC4深筒形件正反向超塑成形

以正反向超塑成形厚度均匀的TC4钛合金深筒形件为背景,采用MARC有限元模拟分析了正反向超塑成形时预成形模和终成形模的表面摩擦系数对成形件壁厚分布的影响.结果表明:合理地增大预成形模的表面摩擦力能显著增加预成形的局部减薄作用,对于提高零件最终壁厚分布均匀性有利.同时,合理减小终成形模的摩擦力,可以使板料褴体变形均匀化,壁厚分布趋于均匀.根据模拟结果,采用机械加工方法增加预成形模表面粗糙度以增大摩擦力,在终成形模表面喷涂润滑剂以降低摩擦力,通过正反向超塑成形实验制得厚度分布在1.50～1.78mm范围内的航天用TC4钛合金深简形件,比普通正反向超塑成形件厚度分布(1.18～2.24mm)有了很大改善.     

Extension of continuous scanning laser Doppler vibrometry measurement for complex structures with curved surfaces

The continuous Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry (SLDV) developed on the base of the galvanometer scanner system has made it possible to quickly obtain the full field vibration responses within a rectangular area of the structure. In this paper, an arbitrary continuous scanning path generating method for Continuous Scanning Laser Doppler Vibometry (CSLDV) is further put forward in order to allow the CSLDV suitable for testing structures featured by complex shapes not just for regular areas. In the first step, the relationship between position of laser spot and the driving voltages of galvanometer scanner system has been described by a mathematical modeling. Then, a novel arbitrary scanning path generating strategy based on CSLDV is presented by deforming a normalization rectangular scanning path to an arbitrary continuous scanning path. The mapping relation between the normalization rectangular scanning path and arbitrary continuous scanning path is established using the reference points. In the second step, a compressor blade with curved surface was taken as an example for modal test using the proposed method. At the same time, a validated experiment was performed in SLDV. The results show the mode shapes derived from the extended CSLDV are in agreement with those from SLDV and the Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) between the two are all greater than 0.96. They also demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method for CSLDV test and show strong potential on further practical engineering applications.     

Encounter trajectories for deep space mission ASTER to the triple near Earth asteroid 2001-SN263. The laser altimeter (ALR) point of view

In cooperation with Russia, the Brazilian deep space mission ASTER plans to send a small spacecraft to investigate the triple asteroid 2001-SN263. The nearest launch opportunities for this project include June 2022 and June 2025. One main exploration campaign is being planned with focus on the largest asteroid (Alpha). Among the instruments under development, a laser altimeter (named ALR) was preliminarily designed and presented in 2010–2011. Many studies to define mission and instruments requirements were performed aiming at the characterization of important issues for the successful realization of the mission. Among them, the identification of a suitable trajectory that could be followed by the ASTER spacecraft in the encounter phase, when the main campaign will take place. This paper describes the effort undertaken with focus on the laser altimeter operation. Possible encounter trajectories were modelled and simulated to identify suitable approach parameters and conditions allowing the accomplishment of the intended investigation. The simulation also involves the instrument operation, considering approach geometry, attitude, relative motion, time/date, and the dynamics of the main asteroid. From the laser altimeter point of view, keeping in mind the desired coverage results (50% minimum surface coverage of asteroid Alpha, complying with horizontal and vertical resolution requirements), results point out crucial features for the encounter trajectory, like the need for a small inclination (10^-6 degrees; with respect to the asteroid's orbit), the most favourable spacecraft positioning (between the Sun and the asteroid) and pointing condition (back to the Sun), the minimum amount of achievable surface coverage (58%, focused on central areas), and the most proper time to conduct the main campaign (January 2025). Concerning the instrument, results offer refined values for divergence angle (500 to 650 μrad, half-cone), pulse repetition frequencies (from 1/20 to 1 Hz), and consequent data generation rates. A simulation tool that can use any 3D generated trajectories as input data was created for the analyses presented here. Although created for the ALR in this mission, this simple analysis tool can be adapted to other instruments in this or other missions.     

激光3D打印铁基块体非晶复合材料

Fe基非晶合金因强度高、硬度高、软磁性能优异等优势,得到人们极大关注。然而,目前实验室和工业领域利用铜模铸造法所能制备的Fe基非晶合金尺寸仍然较小,这严重制约了Fe基非晶合金作为结构材料在工业领域的实际应用。激光3D打印技术的出现为解决上述问题提供了难得的契机。然而,目前国内外的研究中,利用激光3D打印技术制备Fe基非晶合金存在较为严重的裂纹,所以无法利用该技术成型大尺寸的样品。在Fe基非晶合金中引入塑性较好的第二相来吸收热应力,防止在激光3D打印过程中发生开裂,能成功打印出大尺寸的Fe基非晶合金复合材料。通过上述方法成型的大尺寸Fe基非晶合金复合材料,宏观上没有裂纹发生且成型性良好,但微观上仍在局域发现微小裂纹。由于Cu将Fe基非晶合金包裹在中间,所以这些局域的微裂纹没有扩展,也没有贯穿整个材料,打印的Fe基非晶合金复合材料成型性没有受到较大影响。     

Unequal-thickness billet optimization in transitional region during isothermal local loading forming of Ti-alloy rib-web component using response surface method

Avoiding the folding defect and improving the die filling capability in the transitional region are desired in isothermal local loading forming of a large-scale Ti-alloy rib-web component (LTRC). To achieve a high-precision LTRC, the folding evolution and die filling process in the transitional region were investigated by 3D finite element simulation and experiment using an equal-thickness billet (ETB). It is found that the initial volume distribution in the second-loading region can greatly affect the amount of material transferred into the first-loading region during the second-loading step, and thus lead to the folding defect. Besides, an improper initial volume distribution results in non-concurrent die filling in the cavities of ribs after the second-loading step, and then causes die underfilling. To this end, an unequal-thickness billet (UTB) was employed with the initial volume distribution optimized by the response surface method (RSM). For a certain eigenstructure, the critical value of the percentage of transferred material determined by the ETB was taken as a constraint condition for avoiding the folding defect in the UTB optimization process, and the die underfilling rate was considered as the optimization objective. Then, based on the RSM models of the percentage of transferred material and the die underfilling rate, non-folding parameter combinations and optimum die filling were achieved. Lastly, an optimized UTB was obtained and verified by the simulation and experiment.     

Successes and challenges in non-destructive testing of aircraft composite structures

Composite materials are increasingly used in the aerospace industry. To fully realise the weight saving potential along with superior mechanical properties that composites offer in safety critical applications, reliable Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods are required to prevent catastrophic failures. This paper will review the state of the art in the field and point to highlight the success and challenges that different NDT methods are faced to evaluate the integrity of critical aerospace composites. The focus will be on advanced certificated NDT methods for damage detection and characterization in composite laminates for use in the aircraft primary and secondary structures.     

小卫星激光通信终端技术现状与发展趋势

在激光通信技术快速发展及商业卫星组网应用迫切需求的背景下,小卫星激光通信技术逐步发展成为商业卫星通信领域的研究热点之一。首先,对近些年来国内外小卫星激光通信技术的发展现状及性能指标特点进行了详细论述,归纳出轻小型化、低功耗、模块化、低成本四个发展趋势。在此基础上,分析了小卫星激光通信终端的四项关键技术,以期为我国小卫星激光通信终端技术的发展提供一定的参考和借鉴。