气相沉积技术的现状与发展

本文阐述了气相沉积技术的发展和应用,概括了此技术在我国的现状,分析并展望其未来的发展,还注意到了研究领域中的动向和趋势。     

Cleaning space debris with a space-based laser system

High-energy pulsed laser radiation may be the most feasible means to mitigate the threat of collision of a space station or other valuable space assets with orbital debris in the size range of 1–10 cm. Under laser irradiation, part of the debris material is ablated and provides an impulse to the debris particle. Proper direction of the impulse vector either deflects the object trajectory or forces the debris on a trajectory through the upper atmosphere, where it burns up. Most research concentrates on ground-based laser systems but pays little attention to space-based laser systems.There are drawbacks of a ground-based laser system in cleaning space debris. Therefore the placement of a laser system in space is proposed and investigated. Under assumed conditions,the elimination process of space debris is analyzed. Several factors such as laser repetition frequency, relative movement between the laser and debris, and inclination of debris particles which may exercise influence to the elimination effects are discussed. A project of a space-based laser system is proposed according to the numerical results of a computer study. The proposed laser system can eliminate debris of 1–10 cm and succeed in protecting a space station.     

面向太阳系边际探测的激光通信方案研究

针对我国太阳系边际探测任务需求,提出了利用激光链路进行对地高速信息传输的方案。梳理了深空激光通信的国外发展现状,分析了太阳系边际探测任务的激光链路特点和约束条件,给出了飞行激光终端和激光地面站的初步方案和主要参数,进行了链路预算和影响因素分析,并对我国未来太阳系边际探测任务激光通信的发展进行展望,为我国太阳系边际探测任务的激光通信论证与实施提供参考。     

Fatigue behavior of direct laser deposited Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V titanium alloy and its life distribution model

The present work aims to investigate the fatigue behavior of Direct Laser Deposition (DLD) Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V titanium alloy under constant amplitude stress. 22 pieces of DLD Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V titanium alloy standard cylinder specimens were tested under a stress level of 800?MPa with a stress ratio of 0.06. Fatigue fractography and fatigue life data were obtained. Through the fracture surface analysis, the specimens were divided into two categories in accordance with the location of crack initiation and defect types. Comparison of fatigue life and behavior between two specimen types was given, which was followed by a discussion about the impact of defect type, size and position on the fatigue life of the specimen. The fatigue test results also show a large variation of fatigue life. To illustrate the statistical characteristics of the fatigue life, probabilistic analysis was performed, and a novel bimodal lognormal model was established. The model has a good fit with the experimental data and can reduce the scatter of the fatigue life significantly.     

Spin motion determination of the Envisat satellite through laser ranging measurements from a single pass measured by a single station

The Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) technology is used to accurately determine the position of space objects equipped with so-called retro-reflectors or retro-reflector arrays (RRA). This type of measurement allows to measure the range to the spacecraft with high precision, which leads to determination of very accurate orbits for these targets. Non-active spacecraft, which are not attitude controlled any longer, tend to start to spin or tumble under influence of the external and internal torques and forces.If the return signal is measured for a non-spherical non-active rotating object, the signal in the range residuals with respect to the reference orbit is more complex. For rotating objects the return signal shows an oscillating pattern or patterns caused by the RRA moving around the satellite’s centre of mass. This behaviour is projected onto the radial component measured by the SLR.In our work, we demonstrate how the SLR ranging technique from one sensor to a satellite equipped with a RRA can be used to precisely determine its spin motion during one passage. Multiple SLR measurements of one target over time allow to accurately monitor spin motion changes which can be further used for attitude predictions. We show our solutions of the spin motion determined for the non-active ESA satellite Envisat obtained from measurements acquired during years 2013–2015 by the Zimmerwald SLR station, Switzerland. All the necessary parameters are defined for our own so-called point-like model which describes the motion of a point in space around the satellite centre of mass.     

强电磁场真空击穿中的电子束轰击初步研究

当前,抑制强电磁场真空击穿的方法主要是结构改进和工艺处理,对于提高材料耐电子轰击性能来抑制击穿的研究相对较少。文章主要结合Monte-Carlo方法和Bethe能量损失规律,研究了兆电子伏级能量的电子垂直入射金属靶材的能量损失规律。研究表明,材料原子序数和原子密度越小,电子在材料中的有效射程越长,单位体积内沉积的平均能量越低,从而越有利于材料耐受电子束轰击。在此基础上,通过试验比较了铜、不锈钢和钛三种材料耐电子束轰击的性能,在相同的电子束能量下,铜由于密度最高而最容易受到电子束轰击破坏,密度最低的钛材料具有最好的耐电子束轰击性能。进一步的高功率微波（HighPowerMicrowave）试验证实,相对于不锈钢材料,在2.8GW输出微波功率水平下,使用耐电子轰击性能更优的钛材料能够将输出微波脉宽由18ns增加到27ns,由强电磁场真空击穿引起的脉冲缩短明显得到有效抑制。     

基于DDS+PLL的光源调制与功率稳定控制方法CSCD

量子传感器是基于量子操控技术的研究成果,一般具有高精度、小体积等优势。激光器是量子传感器的核心部件,有抽运和检测功能,激光器的稳定性对量子传感器具有重要的意义。提出了一种直接数字合成法(DDS)与锁相回路(PLL)相结合的方法,对激光器进行调制并抑制调制噪声,实现了激光器的稳定输出。基于现有小型量子传感器装置,在DDS生成4kHz参考信号的情况下实现了激光器电流8kHz调制,抑制了调制时调制电流信号噪声约8dB,并提高了激光器输出光功率的稳定性。     

稀土镁合金铸件表面微观缺陷形成机理及修复技术

VW63Z稀土镁合金铸件表面微观缺陷经过荧光检测的结果表现为“条状荧光”现象，当该缺陷出现在铸件非加工面时，由于无法经过机械加工去除将直接导致铸件报废。本文探究了铸件表面缺陷的微观组织及其形成机理，结果表明微观缺陷主要成分为稀土氧化物的双层氧化膜，其中部分存在夹杂物；金属液汇流导致表面微观缺陷更易形成。应用激光熔凝技术对铸件表面微观缺陷进行处理，当平顶激光束输出功率为800 W时，重熔层组织呈树枝晶形貌特征，晶粒细小并与基体结合良好，重熔层深度约为915 μm，控制铸件热影响范围的同时基本可以修复铸件表面缺陷，原缺陷位置荧光检测未见条纹状缺陷。     

面向航天应用的液态金属相变传热性能研究

为探究液态金属相变材料的适用范围，本文使用数值模拟手段，比较分析了以镓为代表的低熔点金属与以正十八烷为代表的石蜡类相变材料之间的传热性能。结果表明，镓更适用于应对瞬时高热流冲击，即高热流、短时间工作的电子设备散热；而正十八烷适用于低热流、较长时间工作的电子设备控温。此外，单位体积相变材料，镓模块的热控时间长于正十八烷模块；单位质量相变材料，镓模块在短时间内占优，长时间内正十八烷模块占优。针对潜在应用场景进行分析，表明了液态金属相变材料可用于航天天线TR组件和激光器芯片控温。     

激光选区熔化成型316L不锈钢工艺参数研究

针对激光选区熔化成型316L不锈钢工艺参数选择问题,采用单因素条件变量分析法,在激光选区熔化过程中,分析了激光功率、扫描速度对316L不锈钢成型零件表面粗糙度、致密度、硬度和尺寸偏差的影响规律。结果表明:当激光功率降低或者扫描速度提高时,内部能量密度减小,粉末熔化量减少,试样表面球化效应增强,孔隙缺陷增多,试样致密度减小、硬度降低;当激光功率提高或者扫描速度降低时,内部能量密度增大,粉末被过度烧蚀,产生较大的尺寸偏差,所形成熔道易塌陷,导致层间结合较差,试样性能降低。当激光功率为300 W、扫描速度为1000 mm/s时,能量密度适中,形成了较好的冶金结合,抗拉强度可达753 MPa,上表面硬度HRB能达到97.22。该项研究为316L不锈钢激光选区熔化工艺参数的合理选择提供了参考。