小卫星激光通信终端技术现状与发展趋势

在激光通信技术快速发展及商业卫星组网应用迫切需求的背景下,小卫星激光通信技术逐步发展成为商业卫星通信领域的研究热点之一。首先,对近些年来国内外小卫星激光通信技术的发展现状及性能指标特点进行了详细论述,归纳出轻小型化、低功耗、模块化、低成本四个发展趋势。在此基础上,分析了小卫星激光通信终端的四项关键技术,以期为我国小卫星激光通信终端技术的发展提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

Novel active driven drop tower facility for microgravity experiments investigating production technologies on the example of substrate-free additive manufacturing

Through the striving of humanity into space, new production processes and technologies for the use under microgravity will be essential in the future. Production of objects in space demands for new processes, like additive manufacturing. This paper presents the concept and the realization for a new machine to investigate microgravity production processes on earth. The machine is based on linear long stator drives and a vacuum chamber carrying up to 1000?kg. For the first time high repetition rate and associated low experimental costs can provide basic research. The paper also introduces the substrate-free additive manufacturing as a future research topic and one of our primary application.     

Cu(Ni80 Cr20 )-陶瓷复合机体的激光刻蚀机制

为解决陶瓷基底金属薄膜一体化部件的激光微加工精度问题,研究了纳秒脉冲激光作用于Cu(Ni80Cr20)-Al2O3复合机体的薄膜/基底界面分离机制。结果表明:激光刻蚀Cu时,光斑扫过的区域的Cu能够完全气化,得到较光滑的图案;在刻蚀Ni80Cr20时,光斑扫过的区域首先被氮化,随后氮化层剥离,导致刻蚀图形边沿粗糙。激光光斑能量呈高斯分布,使得Ni80Cr20氮化程度不均匀,是影响刻蚀精度的主要原因。利用波前衍射变换技术将光斑能量由高斯分布转换为能量呈平顶分布,在激光能量大于5.4 m J时,厚度4μm的Ni80Cr20层均匀氮化剥离,实现了Ni80Cr20-Al2O3组合体高精度、基底无损伤刻蚀。     

激光跟踪仪在某型飞机制造中的应用研究

阐述了激光跟踪仪组成、测量原理及误差补偿方法。利用激光跟踪仪分别在某型飞机后机身总装、大部件对接和质量检测工位构建了空间测量系统。实现了部件装配平台运动闭环控制,完成了飞机大部件预总装动态调姿引导,对飞机部件装配质量进行了定量监控,大幅度提高了飞机装配效率和质量。     

Creation of the new industry-standard space test of laser retroreflectors for the GNSS and LAGEOS

We built a new experimental apparatus (the “Satellite/lunar laser ranging Characterization Facility”, SCF) and created a new test procedure (the SCF-Test) to characterize and model the detailed thermal behavior and the optical performance of cube corner laser retroreflectors in space for industrial and scientific applications. The primary goal of these innovative tools is to provide critical design and diagnostic capabilities for Satellites Laser Ranging (SLR) to Galileo and other GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) constellations. The capability will allow us to optimize the design of GNSS laser retroreflector payloads to maximize ranging efficiency, to improve signal-to-noise conditions in daylight and to provide pre-launch validation of retroreflector performance under laboratory-simulated space conditions. Implementation of new retroreflector designs being studied will help to improve GNSS orbits, which will then increase the accuracy, stability, and distribution of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), to provide better definition of the geocenter (origin) and the scale (length unit).     

基于光电延时法的激光测距精度测试系统

介绍了一种激光测距精度测试系统,系统采用了光电延时模拟距离的原理,实现了对激光测距机测距范围（500～20 000）m内测距精度的测量。测试系统具有高测量精度、高分辨力、易操作、实用性强的特点。     

一种采用双视场星敏感器的飞行器姿态角快速、高精度测量方法

针对姿态经常机动的飞行器之间建立激光通信问题,研究了一种针对这种飞行器的姿态角高精度、快速测量新方法.这种姿态角测量方法采用一种由宽、窄两种视场组成的双视场星敏感器,并以0轨道飞行器应用为例进行了姿态角测量仿真:其中的宽视场用于识别北极星,窄视场用于跟踪北极星;通过对北极星方向矢量测量值与其理论值进行比较精确求出了偏航、俯仰和滚动三个姿态角.分析表明,姿态角的角分辨率小于1″;测量过程不需要耗时的星图数据库搜索,一帧图像就可以完成一次快速测量.     

电子束熔化成形Ti-6Al-4V钛合金研究进展和应用现状

电子束熔化成形技术(EBM)具有成形速度快、能量利用率高和真空环境无污染等优点,适合于Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的制备,在航空航天、生物医疗等领域得到广泛应用。然而,EBM成形Ti-6Al-4V钛合金构件仍然存在的内部孔隙、粗糙的表面和残余拉应力等缺陷,严重影响了成形件的疲劳性能。通过工艺参数的优化及后处理工艺,如热等静压和表面处理等,可以显著改善EBM成形件的疲劳性能。综述了EBM成形Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的成形工艺、微观组织、力学性能和典型的应用现状。重点讨论了影响疲劳性能的因素,并总结了一些提高疲劳性能的后处理方法。最后对EBM技术未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel by laser melting deposition

 Laser melting deposition was carried out to deposit a 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel bar on a wrought bar of same material. Room-temperature tensile properties of the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample were evaluated, and microstructure, fracture surface morphology, and hardness profile were analyzed by an optical microscope (OM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a hardness tester. Results show that the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample consists of laser deposited zone, wrought substrate zone, and heat affected zone (HAZ) of the wrought substrate. The laser deposited zone has coarse columnar prior austenite grains and fine well-aligned dendritic structure, while the HAZ of the wrought substrate has equiaxed prior austenite grains which are notably finer than those in the wrought substrate zone. Besides, austenitic transformation mechanism of the HAZ of the wrought substrate is different from that of the laser deposited zone during the reheating period of the laser deposition, which determines the different prior austenite grain morphologies of the two zones. Microhardness values of both the laser deposited zone and the HAZ of the wrought substrate are higher than that of the wrought substrate zone. Tensile properties of the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample are comparable to those of the wrought bar, and fracture occurs in the wrought substrate zone during the tensile test.     

Thermospheric neutral density response to solar forcing

Recent measurements by the Solar EUV (Extreme Ultra Violet) Experiment (SEE) aboard the Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite (TIMED) provide solar EUV spectral irradiance with adequate spectral and temporal resolution, and thus the opportunity to use solar measurements directly in upper atmospheric general circulation models. Thermospheric neutral density is simulated with the NCAR Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Electrodynamic General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) using TIMED/SEE measurements and using the EUVAC solar proxy model. Neutral density is also calculated using the NRLMSISE-00 empirical model. These modeled densities are then compared to density measurements derived from satellite drag data. It is found that using measured solar irradiance in the general circulation model can improve density calculations compared to using the solar proxy model. It is also found that the general circulation model can improve upon the empirical model in simulating geomagnetic storm effects and the solar cycle variation of neutral density.