Design and simulation of an innovative cylinder fabricated by selective laser melting

Additive Manufacturing (AM) processing has attracted wide attention due to its advantages, e.g., rapid prototyping and free design. In aeronautic and astronautic engineering, it is especially attractive to apply AM processing, especially Selective Laser Melting (SLM), into primary structures that always occupy most of the whole mass of aircraft or spacecraft. In this paper, an innovative lattice sandwich structure that is suitable to be manufactured with SLM is adopted to design the typical cylinder under axial compression. Firstly, the mechanical properties of pyramidal lattice are investigated, and the bearing capacity of the lattice sandwich cylinder is given analytically for each failure mode. Secondly, a composite cylinder is re-designed in the form of lattice sandwich structure, which sizes are ultimately obtained through optimization. Finally, finite element model of the innovative cylinder is established and several kinds of imperfection are introduced to simulate the defects caused by SLM. Numerical result shows that the lattice sandwich design can obviously enhance the bearing capacity of cylindrical shell even though the original one is designed with composite material. In other words, SLM has great potential in improving the primary structure of spacecraft in the future.     

Collaborative optimization design of process parameter and structural topology for laser additive manufacturing

High-resolution laser additive manufacturing (LAM) significantly releases design freedom, promoting the development of topology optimization (TO) and advancing structural design methods. In order to fully take advantage of voxelated forming methods and establish the quantitative relationship between the mechanical properties of printing components and multiple process factors (laser- and process- parameters), the concurrent optimization design method based on LAM should cover the process-performance relationship. This study proposes a novel artificial intelligence-facilitated TO method for LAM to concurrently design microscale material property and macroscale structural topology of 3D components by adopting heuristic and gradient-based algorithms. The process–structure–property relationship of selective laser sintering is established by the back propagation neural network, and it is integrated into the TO algorithm for providing a systematic design scheme of structural topology and process parameter. Compared with the classical optimization method, numerical examples show that this method is able to improve the mechanical performance of the macrostructure significantly. In addition, the collaborative design method is able to be widely applied for complex functional part design and optimization, as well as case studies on artificial intelligence-facilitated product evaluation.     

尾缘吹气式火焰稳定器时均流场

为了对尾缘吹气式火焰稳定器的流场进行研究,在低速风洞中利用二维在线式互相关PIV系统,对新型稳定器及V型稳定器的近尾迹流动进行了测量,考察了可控横向射流气动参数及射流方向对新型稳定器流场的影响.结果表明,尾缘吹气式火焰稳定器与V型火焰稳定器的流场特性基本相似,但吹气射流扩大了回流区,增加了回流率和湍流脉动速度;同时发现,射流与来流动量比是影响新型稳定器后流场的主要气动参数。     

基于动叶污垢沉积的数值模拟

采用三维数值方法研究了污垢沉积对压气机动叶性能的影响.对具有一定典型性的真实压气机动叶NASA Rotor 37进行数值研究,通过与文献中实验数据的对比,校核了商业CFD(computational fluid dynamics)计算代码的可靠性,结果表明计算得到的性能曲线与实验数据有较好的一致性,应用于数值模拟手段是可行的.随后通过增加叶片和端壁的表面粗糙度和厚度来模拟不同的污垢沉积程度对压气机动叶性能的影响,结果表明:增加叶片厚度和表面粗糙度都将引起总压比和等熵效率降低;增加表面粗糙度将导致流量下降,稳定工况范围向小流量方向移动;而增加叶片厚度将使得稳定工况范围明显减小,堵点流量下降较显著,这将导致动叶工作特性恶化程度增大.      

激光脉冲法背温信号中噪声信号的滤除方法

针对激光脉冲法背温信号中存在的噪声干扰,通过频谱分析确定了噪声信号的频率范围,设计了相应的FIR数字滤波器,并对滤波后存在的残留噪声进行了递推平滑滤波.滤波前后的数据对比表明,该方法能有效滤波背温信号中的噪声.     

固体推进剂激光烧蚀推进流场分析

利用高速纹影方法对固体推进剂对激光推进作用过程进行了测试,获得了脉冲激光能量作用下推进剂表面流场的产生及发展演变过程。分析结果表明,瞬态激光能量作用下,除了分解、燃烧产物产生的流动以外,还存在一个导引波的快速运动过程,在105～109W/cm2激光功率密度范围内,推进剂类型对其传播速度影响很小。     

激光熔覆裂纹的形成机理及控制方法

激光熔覆技术是利用激光辐射使熔覆材料和基体表面同时熔化并快速凝固、从而显著改善基体材料物理性能的一种新工艺方法。但激光熔覆工艺的选择不当则会使熔覆层产生裂纹、气孔、未熔合等,从而影响熔覆制件的综合性能。本文研究了激光熔覆裂纹的种类以及熔覆层的应力类型,分析了裂纹产生的机理,指出材料间热膨胀系数、弹性模量的明显差别及激光熔池区域的温度梯度所决定的热应力是熔覆层裂纹形成的根源。并从熔覆材料和基体材料的合理选择、成形工艺参数的合理设计及热处理等方面,阐述了熔覆裂纹的影响因素和控制方法。     

化学液相沉积制备PbSe薄膜生长过程及其性能研究

采用化学液相沉积方法在醋酸铅溶液体系中制备了厚度在微米量级的PbSe薄膜,通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射和红外光谱分析等测试手段研究了PbSe薄膜的生长过程以及沉积时间对薄膜相结构、表面形貌和红外透光性能的影响.研究结果表明:随着沉积时间的增加,薄膜致密度增大,Se/Pb原子比增加,都为表面富Se的PbSe薄膜;在不同沉积时...     

精密模具大面积微结构电铸制备工艺研究

对精密模具大面积微结构的电铸制备工艺进行了研究。研究了掩膜厚度、化学微蚀刻、二次辅助阴极对精密模具大面积微结构电铸成型的影响。结果表明,化学微蚀刻能进一步去除显影残胶,提高镀层微结构与模具基板的结合力。在曝光时间为100s,曝光能量为750~810mJ/cm2的曝光工艺条件下,掩膜厚度在130~160μm时,可以得到线宽为100μm侧壁陡直度较好的精密模具微结构。采用外加电势的二次辅助阴极三电极电铸体系可以提高铸层的均匀性。     

电弧风洞中基于TDLAS的气体温度和氧原子浓度测试

电弧风洞是对防热材料/结构进行地面考核的关键设备,其流场参数是评估设备性能和品质的关键数据。由于高温气流的恶劣环境,尚无有效诊断手段。本文使用可调谐二极管吸收光谱技术(TDLAS),针对气流中氧原子,选用氧原子特征吸收谱线(λ=777.2nm),测量了电弧风洞中水冷平头圆柱体模型脱体激波后的气体温度和氧原子数密度,试验测量与工程计算结果较为一致。试验显示出TDLAS具有高温电弧风洞应用的潜在优势。