旋转受照状态下天线温度场仿真分析

在进行星表天线地面真空热环境试验过程中,传统的红外加热设备会造成测量光路遮挡、降温速率减慢等影响。为提高试验准确性,提出了基于天线旋转受照的真空热试验方法。利用虚拟热试验平台对旋转受照状态下天线温度场进行仿真分析,得到天线温度场的分布与变化,并与试验数据对比,验证了仿真建模的准确性和试验方法的可行性。     

中低轨道卫星星座间的激光链路

阐述在中低轨道卫星星座全球通讯网络中应用的激光星间链路与在中继星间应用的激光星间链路相比，所具有的明显的优势。同时给出了应用于小卫星上的小光学用户终端的基本组成，并指出了当前在中低轨道卫星星座激光星间链路研究中所应当进行的主要研究方面。     

一种新型空间微小碎片超高速碰撞试验地面模拟方法

文章简要叙述了空间微小碎片环境及其对航天器的影响,同时介绍了一种新型空间微小碎片超高速碰撞地面模拟方法——激光驱动飞片技术。     

旋转抛物曲面测量中的测球半径补偿

利用激光跟踪仪进行曲面的三维测量时,需要进行反射球的半径补偿。本文针对某高精度旋转抛物曲面检测,分别利用点距法和等距面法进行了半径补偿。结果显示,两种办法均能有效地实现半径补偿,提高了检测精度。     

星载激光通信终端在轨机动对温度影响

对激光通信终端在轨瞬态温度变化开展了仿真,以期研究在轨机动的影响、热分析和热试验时机动模式的简化模拟。通过合理地分析与简化,建立终端的轨道热分析模型,准确模拟在轨机动,根据典型机动模式、外热流和涂层退化等因素设计了计算工况,得出了终端在轨运行过程中的温度场随时间和姿态变化规律。结果表明：不同机动模式下的温度变化存在差异,最大可达23.0℃,采用固定姿态或一维转动的简化热分析或热试验不能准确模拟实际飞行温度,甚至不能部分替代二维转动热分析或热试验;光学天线和反射镜的温度控制是制约终端工作的瓶颈,为终端设计合适的避光机动策略,可大幅度提高温度稳定度和均匀度。研究结果可以为光机电设备在轨机动策略的设计和改进提供参考。     

电机变频控制实现换热器节能的应用研究

结合寒冷地区气候特点与通信机房温控的现状,针对50%浓度乙二醇溶液为工质的换热器,试验研究了自然冷源利用率与换热器自身变频节能的关系。结合乙二醇冷剂的特性,通过建立功率与频率关系模型、温差与功率和频率关系模型,实现了换热器循环泵和风机的变频控制策略。结果表明:在室内外温差、换热功率与循环泵、风机频率同时满足的条件下,以功率模型作为参数进行换热器自身的变频节能是可行的。通过对哈尔滨地区的气候数据与散热房控温试验分析,证明了乙二醇换热器的变频节能效果。     

宽马赫数路德维希管风洞及其关键技术

随着高马赫数飞行器研制需求的增加,急需脉冲型风洞运行范围向中低马赫数段扩展,特别是需要具有跨马赫数运行能力。以路德维希管原理运行的管风洞试验设备,由于建设及使用成本较低、参数调节方便、流场品质高等优点,已在亚/跨/超声速及高超声速领域得到了发展和应用,体现出了宽马赫数的应用潜力。本文分析了宽马赫数脉冲型风洞发展现状,重点介绍了路德维希管风洞及其在宽马赫数应用中急需解决的关键技术,包括宽马赫数喷管设计技术、高温管外加热技术以及高温高压隔离技术。     

In-orbit assessment of laser retro-reflector efficiency onboard high orbiting satellites

The navigation and geodetic satellites that orbit the Earth at altitudes of approximately 20,000 km are tracked routinely by many of the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations of the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS). In order to meet increasing demands on SLR stations for daytime and nighttime observations, any new mission needs to ensure a strong return signal so that the target is easily acquirable. The ILRS has therefore set a minimum effective cross-section of 100 million square metres for the on-board laser retro-reflector arrays (LRAs) and further recommends the use of ‘uncoated’ cubes in the arrays. Given the large number of GNSS satellites that are currently supported by SLR, it is informative to make an assessment of the relative efficiencies of the various LRAs employed. This paper uses the laser ranging observations themselves to deduce and then compare the efficiencies of the LRAs on the COMPASS-M1 navigation satellite, two satellites from the GPS and three from the GLONASS constellations, the two GIOVE test satellites from the upcoming Galileo constellation, the two Etalon geodetic spheres and the geosynchronous communications test satellite, ETS-8. All the LRAs on this set of satellites employ back-coated retro-reflector cubes, except those on the COMPASS-M1 and ETS-8 vehicles which are uncoated. A measure of return signal strength, and thus of LRA-efficiency, is calculated using the laser-range full-rate data archive from 2007 to 2010, scaled to remove the effects of variations in satellite range, atmospheric attenuation and retro-reflector target total surface area. Observations from five SLR stations are used in this study; they are Herstmonceux (UK), Yarragadee (Australia), Monument Peak and McDonald (USA) and Wettzell (Germany). Careful consideration is given to the treatment of the observations from each station in order to take account of local working practices and system upgrades. The results show that the uncoated retro-reflector cubes offer significant improvements in efficiency.     

Determination of station positions and velocities from laser ranging observations to Ajisai,Starlette and Stella satellites

The positions and velocities of the four Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations: Yarragadee (7090), Greenbelt (7105), Graz (7839) and Herstmonceux (7840) from 5-year (2001–2005) SLR data of low orbiting satellites (LEO): Ajisai, Starlette and Stella were determined. The orbits of these satellites were computed from the data provided by 20 SLR stations. All orbital computations were performed by means of NASA Goddard’s GEODYN-II program. The geocentric coordinates were transformed to the topocentric North–South, East–West and Vertical components in reference to ITRF2005. The influence of the number of normal points per orbital arc and the empirical acceleration coefficients on the quality of station coordinates was studied. To get standard deviation of the coordinates determination lower than 1 cm, the number of the normal points per site had to be greater than 50. The computed positions and velocities were compared to those derived from LAGEOS-1/LAGEOS-2 data. Three parameters were used for this comparison: station coordinates stability, differences from ITRF2005 positions and velocities. The stability of coordinates of LEO satellites is significantly worse (17.8 mm) than those of LAGEOS (7.6 mm), the better results are for Ajisai (15.4 mm) than for Starlette/Stella (20.4 mm). The difference in positions between the computed values and ITRF2005 were little bit worse for Starlette/Stella (6.6 mm) than for LAGEOS (4.6 mm), the results for Ajisai were five times worse (29.7 mm) probably due to center of mass correction of this satellite. The station velocities with some exceptions were on the same level (≈1 mm/year) for all satellites. The results presented in this work show that results from Starlette/Stella are better than those from Ajisai for station coordinates determination. We can applied the data from LEO satellites, especially Starlette and Stella for determination of the SLR station coordinates but with two times lower accuracy than when using LAGEOS data.     

地源热泵技术在建筑节能中的应用

本文探讨如何通过地源热泵技术实现建筑节能。研究通过地源热泵来实现一机多用,使其既能用于冬季供暖,又可以用于夏季制冷。同时也讨论了如何与太阳能相配合,来实现地热平衡。文中还给出了通过插值法和曲线拟合法对测量数据进行处理获得变温带和增温带的温度-深度曲线的方法。