舰载飞行器平台惯导系统传递对准及检验方法研究

针对舰载飞行器平台惯导传递对准问题,建立了速度匹配和"速度+姿态"匹配卡尔曼滤波方程。考虑舰艇的摇摆运动,进行了不同机动方式下舰载飞行器平台惯导传递对准效果数学仿真,并设计了精度实时检验方法。     

旋转抛物曲面测量中的测球半径补偿

利用激光跟踪仪进行曲面的三维测量时,需要进行反射球的半径补偿。本文针对某高精度旋转抛物曲面检测,分别利用点距法和等距面法进行了半径补偿。结果显示,两种办法均能有效地实现半径补偿,提高了检测精度。     

星载激光通信终端在轨机动对温度影响

对激光通信终端在轨瞬态温度变化开展了仿真,以期研究在轨机动的影响、热分析和热试验时机动模式的简化模拟。通过合理地分析与简化,建立终端的轨道热分析模型,准确模拟在轨机动,根据典型机动模式、外热流和涂层退化等因素设计了计算工况,得出了终端在轨运行过程中的温度场随时间和姿态变化规律。结果表明：不同机动模式下的温度变化存在差异,最大可达23.0℃,采用固定姿态或一维转动的简化热分析或热试验不能准确模拟实际飞行温度,甚至不能部分替代二维转动热分析或热试验;光学天线和反射镜的温度控制是制约终端工作的瓶颈,为终端设计合适的避光机动策略,可大幅度提高温度稳定度和均匀度。研究结果可以为光机电设备在轨机动策略的设计和改进提供参考。     

天地一体化信息网络空间激光通信新技术

空间激光通信是提升天地一体化信息网络传输速率、组网能力、信息安全的重要途径。结合天地一体化信息网络特点,总结国外空间激光通信技术的发展状况,分析有望应用于天地一体化信息网络中的空间激光通信新技术及其优势。希望通过借鉴国外空间激光通信技术发展的经验与启示,促进我国空间激光通信新技术的发展以及天地一体化网络的建设。     

In-orbit assessment of laser retro-reflector efficiency onboard high orbiting satellites

The navigation and geodetic satellites that orbit the Earth at altitudes of approximately 20,000 km are tracked routinely by many of the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations of the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS). In order to meet increasing demands on SLR stations for daytime and nighttime observations, any new mission needs to ensure a strong return signal so that the target is easily acquirable. The ILRS has therefore set a minimum effective cross-section of 100 million square metres for the on-board laser retro-reflector arrays (LRAs) and further recommends the use of ‘uncoated’ cubes in the arrays. Given the large number of GNSS satellites that are currently supported by SLR, it is informative to make an assessment of the relative efficiencies of the various LRAs employed. This paper uses the laser ranging observations themselves to deduce and then compare the efficiencies of the LRAs on the COMPASS-M1 navigation satellite, two satellites from the GPS and three from the GLONASS constellations, the two GIOVE test satellites from the upcoming Galileo constellation, the two Etalon geodetic spheres and the geosynchronous communications test satellite, ETS-8. All the LRAs on this set of satellites employ back-coated retro-reflector cubes, except those on the COMPASS-M1 and ETS-8 vehicles which are uncoated. A measure of return signal strength, and thus of LRA-efficiency, is calculated using the laser-range full-rate data archive from 2007 to 2010, scaled to remove the effects of variations in satellite range, atmospheric attenuation and retro-reflector target total surface area. Observations from five SLR stations are used in this study; they are Herstmonceux (UK), Yarragadee (Australia), Monument Peak and McDonald (USA) and Wettzell (Germany). Careful consideration is given to the treatment of the observations from each station in order to take account of local working practices and system upgrades. The results show that the uncoated retro-reflector cubes offer significant improvements in efficiency.     

Determination of station positions and velocities from laser ranging observations to Ajisai,Starlette and Stella satellites

The positions and velocities of the four Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations: Yarragadee (7090), Greenbelt (7105), Graz (7839) and Herstmonceux (7840) from 5-year (2001–2005) SLR data of low orbiting satellites (LEO): Ajisai, Starlette and Stella were determined. The orbits of these satellites were computed from the data provided by 20 SLR stations. All orbital computations were performed by means of NASA Goddard’s GEODYN-II program. The geocentric coordinates were transformed to the topocentric North–South, East–West and Vertical components in reference to ITRF2005. The influence of the number of normal points per orbital arc and the empirical acceleration coefficients on the quality of station coordinates was studied. To get standard deviation of the coordinates determination lower than 1 cm, the number of the normal points per site had to be greater than 50. The computed positions and velocities were compared to those derived from LAGEOS-1/LAGEOS-2 data. Three parameters were used for this comparison: station coordinates stability, differences from ITRF2005 positions and velocities. The stability of coordinates of LEO satellites is significantly worse (17.8 mm) than those of LAGEOS (7.6 mm), the better results are for Ajisai (15.4 mm) than for Starlette/Stella (20.4 mm). The difference in positions between the computed values and ITRF2005 were little bit worse for Starlette/Stella (6.6 mm) than for LAGEOS (4.6 mm), the results for Ajisai were five times worse (29.7 mm) probably due to center of mass correction of this satellite. The station velocities with some exceptions were on the same level (≈1 mm/year) for all satellites. The results presented in this work show that results from Starlette/Stella are better than those from Ajisai for station coordinates determination. We can applied the data from LEO satellites, especially Starlette and Stella for determination of the SLR station coordinates but with two times lower accuracy than when using LAGEOS data.     

线性调频半导体激光衍射光栅干涉仪

介绍一种以线性调频半导体激光为光源的衍射光栅干涉仪。激光与光栅上衍射的±１级衍射波会合，由于有光程差而发生光拍频，测量拍频信号的相位移则可测得光栅的位移。设计了一种克服激光波长漂移和空气折射率变化影响的对称差动光路，使这种方法达到实用化的程度，分辨力达到纳米级。此外，还介绍了应用于接触干涉仪的实验情况。     

脉冲激光测距误差标定及不确定度分析CSCD

以脉冲激光测距机的测距误差标定为背景,通过对测距误差解析表达式的推导,给出了系统各不确定度分量对测距误差的影响,计算了信号延迟时间、探测器和激光二极管响应时间、晶振频率、大气折射率等不确定度分量。通过对某已标定激光测距机实验验证表明:该装置在500m^20 000m测距范围内,测量重复性引入的相对标准不确定度最大值为0.67m,满足该类激光测距机测量不确定度5m(k=2)的校准测试需求。因此,利用该解析表达式可以实现对脉冲激光测距误差的有效评估,这对于脉冲激光测距测试系统、脉冲激光测距机的设计具有重要的指导意义。     

捷联惯导方位大失准角对准研究

在游动方位角坐标系下建立了方位大失准角条件下的SINS初始对准误差模型.在静基座下验证了该误差模型在方位大失准角情况下的滤波效果,比较分析了不同方位失准角的滤波收敛情况,并与线性模型进行滤波比较.最后,将该模型用于动基座的初始对准.静基座和动基座下的初始对准结果表明所提出的SINS误差模型是正确有效的.     

舰载机惯导动基座传递对准基准系统技术研究

根据舰载机惯导动基座高精度对准的需求,从系统顶层设计的角度,引入数字停机位空间坐标系概念,建立了舰载机惯导动基座传递对准的基准。在此基础上,分析了杆臂效应和船体挠曲变形对基准精度的影响,并给出了相应的处理模型和方法。舰载机可直接引入该基准坐标系下的导航信息进行对准,无须关注舰船性能参数和主导航安装位置等,有利于减少惯导动基座对准技术难度,提高对准效率。