基于大型制造虚拟数字工装测量平台应用研究

分析了某大型特种部件制造过程中产生的难点,基于激光跟踪数字测量定位技术,论述了虚拟数字工装测量平台的设计原理,结合实例详细阐释了测量平台在大型特种部件制造过程中的应用,采取坐标数组控制方法,解决了制造过程难点。经实践验证,该测量平台能有效辅助大型特种部件制造并有效控制质量。     

实战天基激光武器系统设计的技术需求分析

本文系根据美国天基激光武器采购能力和结构研究 (A&AS)项目综述的一篇技术报告。文中分析了空军和导弹防御组织 (BMDO)发展天基激光武器 (SBL)所采取的现行技术途径以及为使实战SBL系统投入战场使用所必需的技术需求。A&AS项目确认了需要大力改进当前技术能力的几个重要技术领域 :发展大型展开式光学系统 ,提高波阵面控制和振动控制能力 ,增加激光器功率。最后讨论了还需改进的远程目标捕获、跟踪和指向控制技术 ,空间飞行器的共性技术 ,建模和仿真 ,以及地面试验技术。     

Cleaning space debris with a space-based laser system

High-energy pulsed laser radiation may be the most feasible means to mitigate the threat of collision of a space station or other valuable space assets with orbital debris in the size range of 1–10 cm. Under laser irradiation, part of the debris material is ablated and provides an impulse to the debris particle. Proper direction of the impulse vector either deflects the object trajectory or forces the debris on a trajectory through the upper atmosphere, where it burns up. Most research concentrates on ground-based laser systems but pays little attention to space-based laser systems.There are drawbacks of a ground-based laser system in cleaning space debris. Therefore the placement of a laser system in space is proposed and investigated. Under assumed conditions,the elimination process of space debris is analyzed. Several factors such as laser repetition frequency, relative movement between the laser and debris, and inclination of debris particles which may exercise influence to the elimination effects are discussed. A project of a space-based laser system is proposed according to the numerical results of a computer study. The proposed laser system can eliminate debris of 1–10 cm and succeed in protecting a space station.     

面向太阳系边际探测的激光通信方案研究

针对我国太阳系边际探测任务需求,提出了利用激光链路进行对地高速信息传输的方案。梳理了深空激光通信的国外发展现状,分析了太阳系边际探测任务的激光链路特点和约束条件,给出了飞行激光终端和激光地面站的初步方案和主要参数,进行了链路预算和影响因素分析,并对我国未来太阳系边际探测任务激光通信的发展进行展望,为我国太阳系边际探测任务的激光通信论证与实施提供参考。     

Fatigue behavior of direct laser deposited Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V titanium alloy and its life distribution model

The present work aims to investigate the fatigue behavior of Direct Laser Deposition (DLD) Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V titanium alloy under constant amplitude stress. 22 pieces of DLD Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V titanium alloy standard cylinder specimens were tested under a stress level of 800?MPa with a stress ratio of 0.06. Fatigue fractography and fatigue life data were obtained. Through the fracture surface analysis, the specimens were divided into two categories in accordance with the location of crack initiation and defect types. Comparison of fatigue life and behavior between two specimen types was given, which was followed by a discussion about the impact of defect type, size and position on the fatigue life of the specimen. The fatigue test results also show a large variation of fatigue life. To illustrate the statistical characteristics of the fatigue life, probabilistic analysis was performed, and a novel bimodal lognormal model was established. The model has a good fit with the experimental data and can reduce the scatter of the fatigue life significantly.     

Spin motion determination of the Envisat satellite through laser ranging measurements from a single pass measured by a single station

The Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) technology is used to accurately determine the position of space objects equipped with so-called retro-reflectors or retro-reflector arrays (RRA). This type of measurement allows to measure the range to the spacecraft with high precision, which leads to determination of very accurate orbits for these targets. Non-active spacecraft, which are not attitude controlled any longer, tend to start to spin or tumble under influence of the external and internal torques and forces.If the return signal is measured for a non-spherical non-active rotating object, the signal in the range residuals with respect to the reference orbit is more complex. For rotating objects the return signal shows an oscillating pattern or patterns caused by the RRA moving around the satellite’s centre of mass. This behaviour is projected onto the radial component measured by the SLR.In our work, we demonstrate how the SLR ranging technique from one sensor to a satellite equipped with a RRA can be used to precisely determine its spin motion during one passage. Multiple SLR measurements of one target over time allow to accurately monitor spin motion changes which can be further used for attitude predictions. We show our solutions of the spin motion determined for the non-active ESA satellite Envisat obtained from measurements acquired during years 2013–2015 by the Zimmerwald SLR station, Switzerland. All the necessary parameters are defined for our own so-called point-like model which describes the motion of a point in space around the satellite centre of mass.     

基于惯性/激光测距/视觉里程计组合的高空场景尺度误差估计方法

惯性/视觉感知信息融合导航定位技术是目前实现无人机不依赖卫星自主导航的最有效手段。但对于面向高空场景的大型无人机,惯性器件误差与视觉里程计尺度误差耦合且特征平面化导致可观测性下降。针对这一问题,提出了利用惯性/激光测距/视觉里程计组合实现尺度误差估计的方法。通过开展误差模型建立、激光测量点与图像中位置匹配、无人机平飞机动下系统可观测性分析等关键技术研究,实现了高空场景下尺度误差的精确估计。经过300m高度机载试验数据验证,算法精度优于1.5%D,对卫星拒止条件下高空无人机自主导航具有重要意义。     

空间激光通信调制技术的研究进展

空间激光通信系统具有传输速率高、体积小、质量轻、功耗低等特点,适用于卫星高速数据传输。激光通信调制技术作为空间激光通信系统的一项关键技术,是影响系统通信性能的主要因素之一。首先,介绍空间激光通信调制技术的原理及其分类,并对其优缺点做比较分析,再对激光调制的关键技术进行阐述;然后,从发展阶段与应用环境角度对国内外已报道的空间激光通信调制技术研究进展进行总结;最后,对空间激光通信调制技术的发展趋势进行展望。     

基于DDS+PLL的光源调制与功率稳定控制方法CSCD

量子传感器是基于量子操控技术的研究成果,一般具有高精度、小体积等优势。激光器是量子传感器的核心部件,有抽运和检测功能,激光器的稳定性对量子传感器具有重要的意义。提出了一种直接数字合成法(DDS)与锁相回路(PLL)相结合的方法,对激光器进行调制并抑制调制噪声,实现了激光器的稳定输出。基于现有小型量子传感器装置,在DDS生成4kHz参考信号的情况下实现了激光器电流8kHz调制,抑制了调制时调制电流信号噪声约8dB,并提高了激光器输出光功率的稳定性。     

面向航天应用的液态金属相变传热性能研究

为探究液态金属相变材料的适用范围，本文使用数值模拟手段，比较分析了以镓为代表的低熔点金属与以正十八烷为代表的石蜡类相变材料之间的传热性能。结果表明，镓更适用于应对瞬时高热流冲击，即高热流、短时间工作的电子设备散热；而正十八烷适用于低热流、较长时间工作的电子设备控温。此外，单位体积相变材料，镓模块的热控时间长于正十八烷模块；单位质量相变材料，镓模块在短时间内占优，长时间内正十八烷模块占优。针对潜在应用场景进行分析，表明了液态金属相变材料可用于航天天线TR组件和激光器芯片控温。