Research on uncertainty in measurement assisted alignment in aircraft assembly

Operations in assembling and joining large size aircraft components are changed to novel digital and flexible ways by digital measurement assisted alignment.Positions and orientations（P＆O）of aligned components are critical characters which assure geometrical positions and relationships of those components.Therefore,evaluating the P＆O of a component is considered necessary and critical for ensuring accuracy in aircraft assembly.Uncertainty of position and orientation（U-P＆O）,as a part of the evaluating result of P＆O,needs to be given for ensuring the integrity and credibility of the result;furthermore,U-P＆O is necessary for error tracing and quality evaluating of measurement assisted aircraft assembly.However,current research mainly focuses on the process integration of measurement with assembly,and usually ignores the uncertainty of measured result and its influence on quality evaluation.This paper focuses on the expression,analysis,and application of U-P＆O in measurement assisted alignment.The geometrical and algebraical connotations of U-P＆O are presented.Then,an analytical algorithm for evaluating the multi-dimensional U-P＆O is given,and the effect factors and characteristics of U-P＆O are discussed.Finally,U-P＆O is used to evaluate alignment in aircraft assembly for quality evaluating and improving.Cases are introduced with the methodology.     

Bayesian linking of geosynchronous orbital debris tracks as seen by the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope

We describe a Bayesian sampling model for linking and constraining orbit models from angular observations of “streaks” in optical telescope images. Our algorithm is particularly suited to situations where the observation times are small fractions of the orbital periods of the observed objects or when there is significant confusion of objects in the observation field. We use Markov Chain Monte Carlo to sample from the joint posterior distribution of the parameters of multiple orbit models (up to the number of observed tracks) and parameters describing which tracks are linked with which orbit models. Using this algorithm, we forecast the constraints on geosynchronous (GEO) debris orbits achievable with the planned Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). Because of the short 15 s exposure times, preliminary orbit determinations of GEO objects from LSST will have large and degenerate errors on the orbital elements. Combined with the expected crowded fields of GEO debris it will be challenging to reliably link orbital tracks in LSST observations given the currently planned observing cadence.     

SINS基于非线性量测的大失准角初始对准算法

针对陆用捷联惯导系统(SINS)大失准角初始对准问题,提出一种基于二阶非线性量测的二阶泰勒级数展开的初始对准算法。首先,将大失准角非线性对准问题,转化为具有线性系统方程和二阶非线性量测方程的滤波问题。然后,设计基于二阶非线性量测方程的二阶泰勒级数展开的滤波算法,可以在任意姿态和无初值条件下进行初始对准和参数估计。最后进行车载对准试验,结果表明,新算法可以在300s内完成实现大失准角初始对准,对准精度与传统分段对准算法相当。     

Water movement on the convex surfaces of porous media under microgravity

A plant growth system for crop production under microgravity is part of a life supporting system designed for long-duration space missions. A plant growth in soil in space requires the understanding of water movement in soil void spaces under microgravity. Under 1G-force condition, on earth, water movement in porous media is driven by gradients of matric and gravitational potentials. Under microgravity condition, water movement in porous media is supposed to be driven only by a matric potential gradient, but it is still not well understood. We hypothesized that under microgravity water in void spaces of porous media hardly moved comparing in void spaces without obstacles because the concave surfaces of the porous media hindered water movement. The objective of this study was to investigate water movement on the convex surfaces of porous media under microgravity. We conducted parabolic flight experiments that provided 20–25?s of microgravity at the top of a parabolic flight. We observed water movement in void spaces in soil-like porous media made by glass beads and glass spheres (round-bottomed glass flasks) in the different conditions of water injection under microgravity. Without water injection, water did not move much in neither glass beads nor glass spheres. When water was injected during microgravity, water accumulated in contacts between the particles, and the water made thick fluid films on the particles surface. When the water injection was stopped under microgravity, water was held in the contacts between the particles. This study showed that water did not move upward in the void spaces with or without the water injection. In addition, our results suggested that the difficulty of water movement on the convex (i.e. particle surfaces) might result in slower water move in porous media under microgravity than at 1G-force.     

折流燃烧室间接点火过程研究

为了研究某折流燃烧室的间接点火过程,对三种不同初始火核位置的燃烧室进行大涡模拟计算,并结合燃烧室点火试验和性能试验进行验证。研究结果表明：折流燃烧室的主燃区可分为三个区域,分别是主回流区、横跨气流区以及次回流区;燃烧室点火成功的关键在于初始火炬进入次回流区;通过大涡模拟计算得到的贫油点火边界油气比与点火试验结果的绝对误差在0.004以内。     

旋流数对分层旋流流场影响的大涡模拟研究

为了深入理解分层旋流流场特征和燃烧稳定性,采用OpenFOAM对分层旋流燃烧器的冷态和燃烧流场进行了大涡模拟。研究了旋流数对分层旋流流场结构和非稳态特性的影响。采用Q准则显示了流场中的瞬时涡结构;利用功率谱分析了流场中的进动特征。结果表明：在冷态工况下,旋流对回流区的位置和大小影响较小。随着旋流数增大,出口气流受到旋流诱导的离心作用,流动发散,流场扩张角变大,流场下游出现二次回流区。平均流场的三维流线与螺旋涡在空间中均表现成正交关系,表明螺旋涡是由剪切层Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性产生。在燃烧工况下,随着旋流数增大,回流区的面积增大,平均温度分布不断沿径向扩张,火焰锋面脉动增强,涡旋发生破碎的位置明显向上游移动。     

大弯角开槽叶栅槽道位置与结构研究

为拓宽大弯角扩压叶栅可用攻角范围,优化叶片吸力面流动分离结构,本文以一大弯角叶栅为研究对象,对叶片采用压力面到吸力面打通的双“C”型槽道结构处理,在保持槽道长度及其他参数不变的条件下,设置85%、80%、75%、70%轴向弦长四个出口位置研究槽道出口位置对叶栅性能的影响。研究发现,特定攻角下,槽道出口位于吸力面角区分离线起始点之后、尾缘分离线之前,对吸力面流动分离的控制效果较佳;在全攻角范围,槽道出口则取在0o攻角对应较佳出口位置为好。为减小槽道内总压损失,本文提出了一种“SC”型槽道改进结构,在80%轴向弦长槽道出口位置处与双“C”型槽道以及原型叶栅进行对比。结果表明,“SC”型槽道结构相比于双“C”型槽道结构,叶栅尾迹损失及槽道内总压损失减少,槽道出口射流速度提高,叶片尾缘处静压升高;相比于原型叶栅则能有效降低其在全攻角范围内的总压损失,基本消除叶片吸力面附面层分离,削弱角区分离,提高叶栅的扩压能力。     

大型索网式可展开天线在轨高精度指向控制

以星载大型索网式可展开天线为对象,研究在轨工作过程中天线视轴高精度高稳定度指向控制方法。首先,基于Craig-Bampton法建立表征天线指向的动力学模型;然后针对天线振动对视轴指向的影响,设计PD反馈+陷波滤波器的控制算法;进一步分析影响指向精度的因素,设计带有调节滤波器的改进控制器以减小天线视轴指向的周期性误差,提高指向精度与稳定度。最后,给出数值仿真校验的结果并与现有的方法进行比较。结果表明,所提出的控制算法在保证天线指向稳定的同时,可以有效减小天线视轴的指向偏差,并对干扰与振动具有良好的鲁棒性。     

基于干扰估计的航天器大角度姿态机动鲁棒次优控制

针对存在系统参数不确定与外界干扰的航天器大角度姿态机动问题,提出一种基于干扰估计的鲁棒次优控制方法。该方法通过引入总干扰的概念,将不确定参数与外界干扰对系统的影响统一为各控制通道总干扰,而后采用非线性干扰观测器实现对系统总干扰的估计;借鉴状态相关的黎卡提方程（SDRE）方法,将系统模型改写为状态相关的线性形式,并采用近似方法实现基于干扰估计的次优控制参数的在线求解。通过对航天器大角度姿态机动问题的仿真分析,校验所提方法不仅较传统SDRE方法计算效率更高,而且较大程度上提高系统对参数偏差与外界干扰的鲁棒性能。