Integrating BDS and GPS for precise relative orbit determination of LEO formation flying

Low-Earth-Orbit(LEO) formation-flying satellites have been widely applied in many kinds of space geodesy. Precise Relative Orbit Determination(PROD) is an essential prerequisite for the LEO formation-flying satellites to complete their mission in space. The contribution of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS) to the accuracy and reliability of PROD of LEO formation-flying satellites based on a Global Positioning System(GPS) is studied using a simulation method. Firstly, when BDS is added to GPS, the mean number of visible satellites increases from9.71 to 21.58. Secondly, the results show that the 3-Dimensional(3 D) accuracy of PROD, based on BDS-only, GPS-only and BDS + GPS, is 0.74 mm, 0.66 mm and 0.52 mm, respectively. When BDS co-works with GPS, the accuracy increases by 29.73%. Geostationary-Earth-Orbit(GEO) satellites and Inclined Geosynchronous-Orbit(IGSO) satellites are only distributed over the Asia-Pacific region; however, they could provide a global improvement to PROD. The difference in PROD results between the Asia-Pacific region and the non-Asia-Pacific region is not apparent. Furthermore, the value of the Ambiguity Dilution Of Precision(ADOP), based on BDS + GPS, decreases by 7.50% and 8.26%, respectively, compared with BDS-only and GPS-only. Finally, if the relative position between satellites is only a few kilometres, the effect of ephemeris errors on PROD could be ignored. However, for a several-hundred-kilometre separation of the LEO satellites, the SingleDifference(SD) ephemeris errors of GEO satellites would be on the order of centimetres. The experimental results show that when IGSO satellites and Medium-Earth-Orbit(MEO) satellites co-work with GEO satellites, the accuracy decreases by 17.02%.     

Feasibility study of LEO,GEO and Molniya orbit based satellite solar power station for some identified sites in India

The analysis of satellite solar power station (SSPS) is carried out for some specified locations (Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Bengaluru) in India and consequently the performance of the system is evaluated for geostationary earth orbit (GEO) based SSPS, low earth orbit (LEO) based SSPS and Molniya (quasi geostationary) orbit based SSPS for sites located at different latitudes. The analysis of power; received energy over a year and weight of the rectenna array for the same beam intensity showed varied results for Molniya orbit based SSPS, LEO based SSPS and GEO based SSPS. The power delivered by the LEO SSPS was highest which indicated that this SSPS may be efficient for the short term power requirement. However, it is observed from the results of the energy received over a year that the GEO based system is suitable for base load power plant as it is capable of delivering constant energy through out a year. Further, the weight of the rectenna and hence the space required for ground station for same power output is smallest for Molniya orbit based system for a range of rectenna array radius considered. It is thus envisaged that the Molniya orbit based system would be a better choice for commercial use of SSPS. These findings may help for judicious selection of satellite orbit and ground station location for placing the satellite for SSPS for various applications.     

基于星间链路状态的低轨卫星网络路由算法

低轨卫星通信网络可以提供全球覆盖的低延迟服务,但是低轨卫星网络拓扑的频繁变化给路由设计带来了挑战。针对低轨卫星通信网络拓扑快速变化的问题,提出一种基于星间链路状态的路由算法,在卫星的实际坐标和相对位置关系的基础上,建立了逻辑拓扑结构,并计算路由跳数、传输方向和优先级,进而确定路由路径。针对链路故障问题,实时检测链路状态,并利用链路状态信息进行路由修正。在NS3仿真软件中进行仿真验证,结果表明:与传统星间路由算法相比,该算法实施简单,并能有效降低链路故障的影响,使丢包率降低20%,传输时延约为200 ms。     

一种基于磁强计的卫星自主导航方法研究

以地磁场强度矢量的模为观测量,将Unscented卡尔曼滤波(UKF)用于近地卫星的磁测自主导航。给出了包括采样点生成、时间更新和量测更新的滤波模型,以及卫星瞬时轨道根数的计算公式。仿真结果表明,UKF滤波方法优于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF),精度更高。     

低地轨道小卫星星座优化问题研究

以低地轨道小卫星星座为研究对象，着重从星座覆盖性能考虑出发，详细阐述了局部覆盖小卫星星座优化设计的一般方法与思路。针对某一类型任务对两轨道面和三轨道面星座进行了优化设计，阐述了在一定约束条件下星座优化设计的关键因素以及不同轨道面数目下星座优化的特点，并进行了仿真分析。结果表明提供的优化模型对小卫星星座设计具有理论意义和实用价值。     

A novel data association scheme for LEO space debris surveillance based on a double fence radar system

The increasing amount of space debris threatens to seriously deteriorate and damage space-based instruments in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) environments. Therefore, LEO space debris surveillance systems must be developed to provide situational awareness in space and issue warnings of collisions with LEO space debris. In this paper, a double fence radar system is proposed as an emerging paradigm for LEO space debris surveillance. This system exhibits several unique and promising characteristics compared with existing surveillance systems. In this paper, we also investigate the data association scheme for LEO space debris surveillance based on a double fence radar system. We also perform a theoretical analysis of the performance of our proposed scheme. The superiority and the effectiveness of our novel data association scheme is demonstrated by experimental results. The data used in our experiments is the LEO space debris catalog produced by the North American Air Defense Command (NORAD) up to 2009, especially for scenarios with high densities of LEO space debris, which were primarily produced by the collisions between Iridium 33 and Cosmos 2251. We hope that our work will stimulate and benefit future work on LEO space debris surveillance approaches and enable construction of the double fence radar system.     

不完备轨道信息下的LEO轨道面内机动检测方法

针对某些因轨道信息不完整而无法直接外推的LEO轨道飞行器的机动检测问题,提出了一种基于轨道摄动影响的面内机动检测方法。该方法将半长轴和偏心率作为检测量,通过分析大气阻力摄动和J 2 项摄动对 LEO 飞行器轨道的影响,从而确定目标飞行器的轨道参数允许边界值,再通过和实际轨道参数进行比较来判定被检测数据点参数是否超出正常范围。最后,采用这种方法对X\|37B飞行器轨道数据进行了仿真验证,共检测出10个机动点,结果表明该方法可以较为准确地利用有限轨道信息检测目标的轨道机动情况。     

频率偏置对Ka频段圆极化频率复用数传链路的影响

采用国际电信联盟(ITU)的星地链路计算模型,仿真分析Ka频段双圆极化频率复用(简称"圆极化复用")链路可用情况随2个正交射频通道载波中心频率偏置量变化的关系,得出特定链路可用率下频率偏置量与临界接收仰角的定量关系。在此基础上,为了综合衡量频谱利用情况,提出有效频带利用率指标,并依据此指标对地面站的利用方案进行尝试性设计,以达到优化利用频谱资源的效果。研究结果表明:中心频率偏置量与有效频带利用率是对立统一体。增大中心频率偏置量,在特定链路可用率下可增长数传弧段,进而改善链路可用情况,但无法获取最大有效频带利用率。当载波中心频率偏置量为零时,通过选择合适的链路可用率可实现最大有效频带利用率。文章采用的分析方法和提出的有效频带利用率指标,可推广到其他频段的星地数传链路分析中,为Ka频段星地数传系统设计提供参考。     

地球反照对低轨卫星太阳电池阵的影响分析

从太阳电池阵接收的光源分析入手,进行地球反照辐射对太阳电池阵的影响分析,提出基于空间几何的地球反照辐射分析方法,建立地球反照辐射的影响程度模型,通过海洋二号(HY-2)太阳同步轨道卫星在轨遥测数据进行了验证。研究结果可为低轨遥感卫星太阳电池阵在轨数据分析和太阳电池阵设计提供一定参考。     

LEO navigation augmentation constellation design with the multi-objective optimization approaches

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite for navigation augmentation applications can significantly reduce the precise positioning convergence time and attract increasing attention recently. A few LEO Navigation Augmentation (LEO-NA) constellations have been proposed, while corresponding constellation design methodologies have not been systematically studied. The LEO-NA constellation generally consists of a huge number of LEO satellites and it strives for multiple optimization purposes. It is essentially different from the communication constellation or earth observing constellation design problem. In this study, we modeled the LEO-NA constellation design problem as a multi-objective optimization problem and solve this problem with the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm. Three objectives are used to strive for the best tradeoff between the augmentation performance and deployment efficiency, namely the Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP), visible LEO satellites and the orbit altitude. A fuzzy set approach is used to select the final constellation from a set of Pareto optimal solutions given by the MOPSO algorithm. To evaluate the performance of the optimized constellation, we tested two constellations with 144 and 288 satellites and each constellation has three optimization schemes: the polar constellation, the single-layer constellation and the two-layer constellation. The results indicate that the optimized two-layer constellation achieves the best global coverage and is followed by the single-layer constellation. The MOPSO algorithm can help to improve the constellation design and is suitable for solving the LEO-NA constellation design problem.