低轨通信卫星天线系统多波束形成关键技术

对低轨通信卫星星载天线阵的多波束形成中的阵列天线结构、射频通道一致性校正,以及数字波束成形等关键技术进行了研究。给出了天线的辐射单元和阵列结构设计,根据通道接收机结构用幅相一致性模块校正通道幅相失配,通过遗传算法确定数字多波束成形网络的加权系数。研究对多波束样机研制有较大的应用价值。     

Exploration life support technology challenges for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and future human missions

As NASA implements the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, life support systems must be provided for an expanding sequence of exploration missions. NASA has implemented effective life support for Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) and continues to develop advanced systems. This paper provides an overview of life support requirements, previously implemented systems, and new technologies being developed by the Exploration Life Support Project for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Outpost and future Mars missions. The two contrasting practical approaches to providing space life support are (1) open loop direct supply of atmosphere, water, and food, and (2) physicochemical regeneration of air and water with direct supply of food. Open loop direct supply of air and water is cost effective for short missions, but recycling oxygen and water saves costly launch mass on longer missions. Because of the short CEV mission durations, the CEV life support system will be open loop as in Apollo and Space Shuttle. New life support technologies for CEV that address identified shortcomings of existing systems are discussed. Because both ISS and Lunar Outpost have a planned 10-year operational life, the Lunar Outpost life support system should be regenerative like that for ISS and it could utilize technologies similar to ISS. The Lunar Outpost life support system, however, should be extensively redesigned to reduce mass, power, and volume, to improve reliability and incorporate lessons learned, and to take advantage of technology advances over the last 20 years. The Lunar Outpost design could also take advantage of partial gravity and lunar resources.     

基于IP组网的低轨航天器大容量文件传输方法

空间科学的发展使航天测控中遥感和图像等数据量日益增大,如何实现天地间大容量文件的传输已成为一个重要问题。鉴于测控网正在向全IP化的方向发展,提出一种在IP组网基础上的低轨航天器大容量文件的传输方案,并就方案中文件的分块传输及卫星在测控站间切换时文件的续传等关键问题进行探讨。在此基础上,对提出的方案进行实验分析,验证了其可行性。     

Optical orbital debris spotter

The number of man-made debris objects orbiting the Earth, or orbital debris, is alarmingly increasing, resulting in the increased probability of degradation, damage, or destruction of operating spacecraft. In part, small objects (<10 cm) in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) are of concern because they are abundant and difficult to track or even to detect on a routine basis. Due to the increasing debris population it is reasonable to assume that improved capabilities for on-orbit damage attribution, in addition to increased capabilities to detect and track small objects are needed. Here we present a sensor concept to detect small debris with sizes between approximately 1.0 and 0.01 cm in the vicinity of a host spacecraft for near real time damage attribution and characterization of dense debris fields and potentially to provide additional data to existing debris models.     

低轨导航增强卫星星座设计

针对目前全球低轨卫星快速发展的现状,对低轨导航增强卫星星座设计方法进行了详细的研究。首先推导了轨道高度与可视球冠的关系,结合太空垃圾分布,从覆盖范围、经济性及碰撞风险几方面联合确定了轨道高度。然后推导了用户仰角与轨道倾角的关系,分析了实现南北极点覆盖的轨道倾角。接着结合铱星星座,推导出单一星座构型无法实现全球范围内均匀的可见星和精度衰减因子（Dilution of Precision,DOP）值分布。最后提出了一种组合低轨卫星星座设计方法。结果表明,该方法设计的组合星座在实现全球覆盖的同时,能够实现可见星数量与DOP值在全球范围内的均匀分布。     

重力梯度力矩作用下近地卫星自旋运动规律分析

为研究近地卫星自旋运动规律,建立了近地卫星在受摄动影响的轨道上运行并受重力梯度力矩作用下的姿态运动模型,推导了自旋角速率满足一定条件下自旋运动的进动角、章动角、自旋角的解析解,对重力梯度作用下的自旋姿态运动规律进行了仿真分析,并用仿真计算结果验证了解析解的正确性。在轨道面缓慢进动情况下,当卫星绕最大主惯量轴自旋时,给出了自旋角速率取值范围表达式,在该取值范围内卫星自旋运动能够跟随轨道面一起进动,自旋轴以恒定的平均角速率进动,章动角在小范围内波动。建立的自旋姿态运动模型和分析结论可用于近地卫星姿态失控后的姿态确定和预测、在轨姿态设计及在轨备份等。     

具有优先级的LEO卫星网络路由研究

文章提出了带有优先级的最短时延卫星路由策略,将业务分为话音业务和数据业务,根据业务时延要求的不同,优先处理话音业务,再根据源卫星、目的卫星的位置,计算路径延时的度量标准,以此得到经过优劣排序的候选路径集合,并对最佳路径进行计算。仿真结果表明,算法显著降低了话音业务的时延水平,有效提高通话质量。     

航天器的低轨道卫星网络接入

随着空间技术的发展,航天器网络化的趋势不断增强。航天器不仅需要将数据实时地传输到地面,而且需要与其他航天器实现信息共享。通过建设LEO卫星网,容易实现航天器的数据传输与共享,但是航天器的网络接入是研究难点之一。如果针对不同系统采用不同的接入方法,将增加接入的复杂度。通过采用区域路由方法,提出一种通用的接入方法,不仅简化了航天器卫星网络的接入,也简化卫星网络系统的设计,实现了接入方法与网络设计的适当分离。计算机模拟表明该方法的可行性。     

轨道预测辅助GPS载波跟踪技术用于低轨道卫星定位研究

针对低轨道卫星及其特定的运动环境,研究了星载GPS接收机载波跟踪问题。基于卫星轨道可模化、可预测的特性,提出了利用预测卫星轨道计算多普勒频移,并用于辅助载波环路跟踪的新方法。该方法有效地降低了低轨道卫星GPS信号跟踪中的动态,从而在跟踪过程中可以采取降低环路阶数、减小环路带宽、增加预检测积分时间这几种措施来提高环路跟踪弱信号的能力,有助于提高低轨道卫星的定位性能。