基于改进POCET技术的通导一体化信号设计

随着低轨卫星组网的发展,结合我国北斗三号全球卫星导航系统的全面建成,研究兼容北斗的通信导航一体化技术日益迫切。为使卫星上的高功率放大器工作在非线性饱和区,以达到较高的发射功率效率,需要保证合成信号的恒包络特性。考虑北斗导航信号与低轨卫星通信信号频点不同,且待复用信号分量较多,以相位优化恒包络发射（POCET）技术为基础,提出了一种改进的多频点多非独立信号分量恒包络复用技术,对七路信号进行复用,利用罚函数进行目标函数优化得到最优解。通过分析其信号特性,表明该方法具有较高的复用效率,并能有效抑制非独立分量造成的波形畸变,从而实现通信导航一体化信号设计,为未来基于低轨卫星的通信导航一体化波形设计提供了思路。     

低轨对地观测卫星凝视成像仪探讨

文章介绍了典型空间信息获取方式及特点,阐述了低轨对地观测卫星凝视成像面临的问题及解决对策,对两种低轨对地观测卫星凝视成像仪及其应用进行了探讨。     

单站多普勒跟踪定轨的优化算法

由于低轨道小卫星应用的日益广泛，在轨卫星数目的迅速膨胀，对传统的多个地面站相互协调管理卫星领域模式提出了挑战。小卫星的低成本特性必然要求存在与之相应的地面站设施降低复杂性、降低成本。本文针对当前已提出的单站多普勒定轨方案，进一步研究了多普勒定轨的有关方法，提出和建立了多普勒定轨的优化算法与模型，最后进行了仿真分析与模型的有效性验证。     

基于全球网和区域网SLR数据的低轨卫星定轨精度分析

卫星激光测距(SLR)是目前低轨卫星常用的定轨手段之一.文章以贾森-1(Jason-1)和"环境卫星"(EN VISAT)实测数据为例,讨论了不同弧段长度(1天、3天和7天)的全球网SLR数据对低轨卫星定轨精度的影响,分析了基于美国网、欧洲网和亚洲网等区域网SLR数据的低轨卫星精密定轨精度.检验定轨精度的参考轨道来自美...     

A novel signal processing approach for LEO space debris based on a fence-type space surveillance radar system

The increase in space debris can seriously threaten regular activities in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop robust, efficient and reliable techniques to understand the potential motions of the LEO debris. In this paper, we propose a novel signal processing approach to detect and estimate the motions of LEO space debris that is based on a fence-type space surveillance radar system. Because of the sparse distribution of the orbiting debris through the fence in our observations, we formulate the signal detection and the motion parameter estimation as a sparse signal reconstruction problem with respect to an over-complete dictionary. Moreover, we propose a new scheme to reduce the size of the original over-complete dictionary without the loss of the important information. This new scheme is based on a careful analysis of the relations between the acceleration and the directions of arrival for the corresponding LEO space debris. Our simulation results show that the proposed approach can achieve extremely good performance in terms of the accuracy for detection and estimation. Furthermore, our simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the approach in scenarios with a low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and the super-resolution properties. We hope our signal processing approach can stimulate further work on monitoring LEO space debris.     

载人航天天基测控通信探析

梳理了国内外空间站天基测控通信应用的概况,针对近地载人航天对测控通信系统的高要求,分析提出中继卫星系统的发展建议,以及导航卫星和低轨卫星星座系统的特点优势。调整中继卫星轨位、增加中继激光链路、采用全景波束全时监控模式,以及导航卫星和低轨卫星星座作为必要补充等途径,可为载人航天测控通信提供更好的灵活性、可用性和效费比。为载人航天天基测控通信发展提供了参考依据。     

面向导航增强的低轨星座设计与应用

随着传统产业升级和新兴技术的发展,社会生产和生活对分米级、厘米级的实时精准定位需求日益凸显。低轨卫星轨道高度低、信号强度大、短时间内几何构型变化快,因此应用低轨卫星开展导航增强服务成为研究热点。低轨卫星的增强服务性能依赖于星座的快速组网和设计,低轨卫星星座构型、轨道高度、轨道倾角等是影响其覆盖性能和增强性能的关键因素。全面分析了低轨星座设计的关键要素,包括轨道高度、轨道倾角和单星覆盖性、地面人口密度、空间环境等,在此基础上设计了单构型和复合构型低轨导航增强星座,并进一步分析低轨星座的覆盖性能。结果显示:复合低轨导航增强星座可以实现对全球的连续覆盖,同时满足极地高密度覆盖和低纬度的连续覆盖需求,对北斗导航系统的增强效果明显。     

低轨巨型星座网络容量评估与分析

低轨卫星网络可以提供广覆盖、低时延、大容量的通信服务和随遇接入的网络服务,可有效弥补地面通信网络和高轨卫星网络的不足。近年来“星链”“一网”等星座项目推动了低轨巨型星座的飞速发展。卫星网络容量是网络性能评价的重要指标,传统方法计算复杂度高、耗时长,且计算开销随网络节点数迅速增加,在巨型星座网络评估中产生巨大计算开销。面向低轨巨型星座网络容量评估问题,提出了一种基于最大流的网络容量评估方法,与传统方法相比计算复杂度和计算耗时大大降低。以“星链”星座为例,分析了星座构型、星间链路拓扑连接方式、链路容量及用户需求量对巨型星座网络容量的影响。仿真分析结果对未来低轨巨型星座网络建设具有指导意义。     

LEO enhanced Global Navigation Satellite System (LeGNSS) for real-time precise positioning services

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been widely used in many geosciences areas with its Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) service. However, GNSS still has its own bottleneck, such as the long initialization period of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) without dense reference network. Recently, the concept of PNTRC (Positioning, Navigation, Timing, Remote sensing and Communication) has been put forward, where Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are recruited to fulfill diverse missions. In navigation aspect, a number of selected LEO satellites can be equipped with a transmitter to transmit similar navigation signals to ground users, so that they can serve as GNSS satellites but with much faster geometric change to enhance GNSS capability, which is named as LEO constellation enhanced GNSS (LeGNSS). As a result, the initialization time of PPP is expected to be shortened to the level of a few minutes or even seconds depending on the number of the LEO satellites involved. In this article, we simulate all the relevant data from June 8th to 14th, 2014 and investigate the feasibility of LeGNSS with the concentration on the key issues in the whole data processing for providing real-time PPP service based on a system configuration with fourteen satellites of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), twenty-four satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS), and sixty-six satellites of the Iridium satellite constellations. At the server-end, Precise Orbit Determination (POD) and Precise Clock Estimation (PCE) with various operational modes are investigated using simulated observations. It is found out that GNSS POD with partial LEO satellites is the most practical mode of LeGNSS operation. At the user-end, the Geometry Dilution Of Precision (GDOP) and Signal-In-Space Ranging Error (SISRE) are calculated and assessed for different positioning schemes in order to demonstrate the performance of LeGNSS. Centimeter level SISRE can be achieved for LeGNSS.     

低轨巨型星座构型设计与控制研究进展与展望

近年来低轨星座计划发展迅速,低轨巨型星座已成为全球争夺空间战略资源的"新战场".首先,概述了Telesat、OneWeb、Starlink等低轨巨型星座计划的发展现状,以及中国互联网星座计划的基本情况.在此基础上,分别从星座的任务需求、覆盖特性、摄动补偿和备份策略4个方面,综述了星座的构型设计方法及其特点.然后,根据卫...