低轨对地观测卫星凝视成像仪探讨

文章介绍了典型空间信息获取方式及特点，阐述了低轨对地观测卫星凝视成像面临的问题及解决对策，对两种低轨对地观测卫星凝视成像仪及其应用进行了探讨。     

区域覆盖低轨卫星移动通信系统星座优化设计

针对区域覆盖低轨卫星移动通信系统星座,提出了一种改进遗传算法(GA)的优化设计。根据改进的区域覆盖星座模型,采用可变维数优化的整数与实数混合的染色体编码。给出了算法步骤。某区域覆盖低轨卫星移动通信系统星座优化设计算例结果显示了该算法的有效性。     

Comparison of the CHAMP radio occultation data with the Canadian advanced digital ionosonde in the Polar Regions

In this paper we present the results of the comparison of the retrieved electron density profiles of the Ionospheric Radio Occultation (IRO) experiment on board CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload), with the ground ionosonde profiles for the Polar Regions. IRO retrieved electron density profiles from CHAMP are compared with Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde (CADI) measurements at two vertical sounding stations well within the Polar Cap, Eureka (geog. 80°13′ N; 86°11′ W) and Resolute Bay (geog. 74°41′ N; 94°54′ W). We compared the ionospheric parameters such as the peak electron density of the F-layer (NmF₂) and the peak height of the F-layer (h_mF₂) for a 3-year period, 2004–2006. CHAMP derived NmF₂ shows reasonable agreement with the ionosonde retrieved NmF₂ for both the stations (0.76 and 0.71 correlation coefficient, for Eureka and Resolute Bay, respectively) whereas the h_mF₂ agreement is not that acceptable (0.25 and 0.37 correlation coefficient, respectively). The h_mF₂ from vertical sounding showed less spread than the CHAMP h_mF₂.     

低轨卫星多波束接收的多普勒频移统计特性及应用

为确定低轨卫星多波束接收的多普勒频移特性,通过建立“多点对点”分析模型,推导了等多普勒频移曲线的解析表达式,并仿真给出了该特性曲线。得出了确定卫星各波束多普勒频移统计特性的一般步骤,并结合常见的多波束赋形设计,归纳了各波束的多普勒频移分布特性。作为应用举例,提出了多波束多通道各捕获模块差异化设计和双曲线形式波束赋形的设计思想,对星上再生处理多波束多通道接收机降低复杂度有明显的益处。     

一种基于反向探测的低轨星座路由算法

针对低轨卫星星座通信系统动态拓扑结构的特点,提出了一种基于反向探测的路由算法（Reverse Detection Based Routing,RDBR）,采用分布式实现且具有极低的运算复杂度,适合于星上实时计算,对于提高星座网络的自主运行能力具有重要意义。与快照序列（Sequent Snap Shots,SSS）算法的对比分析和仿真表明,RDBR算法以有限的信令开销取得的路由性能优于60s快照序列算法。
     

基于信道特性的低轨卫星切换性能研究

在卫星与地面终端之间的星地链路中,存在复杂多变的信道环境,这些因素对系统的切换性能有着重要影响。文章首先建立星地信道模型,并将此模型应用于切换过程,通过仿真得到信道特性对于切换性能的具体影响。     

Simulation study for the determination of the lunar gravity field from PRARE-L tracking onboard the German LEO mission

A simulation study has been performed at GFZ Potsdam, which shows the anticipated improvement of the lunar gravity field model with respect to current (LP150Q model) or near-future (SELENE) knowledge in the framework of the planned German Lunar Explorations Orbiter (LEO) mission, based on PRARE-L (Precise Range And Range-rate Equipment – Lunar version) Satellite-to-Satellite (SST) and Satellite-Earth-Satellite (SEST) tracking observations. It is shown that the global mean error of the lunar gravity field can be reduced to less than 0.1 mGal at a spatial resolution of 50 km. In the spectral domain, this means a factor of 10 (long wavelengths) and some 100 (mid to short wavelengths) improvement as compared to predictions for SELENE or a factor of 1000 with respect to LP150Q. Furthermore, a higher spatial resolution of up to 28 km seems feasible and would correspond to a factor of 2–3 improvement of SELENE results. Moreover, PRARE-L is expected to derive the low-degree coefficients of the lunar gravity field with unprecedented accuracy. Considering long mission duration (at least 1 year is planned) this would allow for the first time a precise direct determination of the low-degree tidal Love numbers of the Moon and, in combination with high precision SEST, would provide an experimental basis to study relativistic effects such as the periselenium advance in the Earth–Moon system.     

一种低轨道卫星服务区域分配的优化算法

在提供Internet和其他通信服务方面,能够覆盖全球的低轨道卫星网络正变得愈加重要。如何根据地面业务的时空分布不均来设计合理、高效的卫星服务区域分配机制是一个重要的挑战。文章分析了传统机制下卫星网络承载能力和业务分布之间的失配问题,提出了服务区域分配优化问题的数学模型,并据此设计了一种星上实时算法。仿真结果表明,采用该算法后卫星网络业务分配不均衡程度有所减轻,阻塞概率大大降低,网络性能和容量得到了明显改善。     

基于低轨移动星座的高速星载路由器设计

随着地面网络流量不断增长,实现星地一体化要求星间网络能够提供基于IP的大流量数据传输。而星载路由器作为连通星间网络的关键设备,其转发速率和服务质量等指标决定了整个星间网络的吞吐量和时效性。考虑到现有星载路由器吞吐量低的现状,提出一种适用于低轨移动通信星座的高速星载路由器设计方案,在基于拓扑快照的路由基础上补充3层动态路由,在保证交换速率的同时减少网络故障导致的丢包,实现“一次路由,多次交换”。采用共享内存式的交换存储单元,利用Spacewire和Serdes高速接口单元,理论上星间数据吞吐量能够达到最高51Gbit/s,且支持IP数据传输,为与地面网络的融合奠定基础。     

超低轨航天器气动力分析与减阻设计

轨道降低,航天器受到的气动力增大,气动力对航天器影响显著。考虑自由分子流态 下的超低轨航天器,利用分割法把简单外形的航天器分割为几部分,分别计算各部分的气动 力,然后相加获得总的气动力效果;通过对平面的气动力进行计算分析,提出了超低 轨航天器的减阻设计方法;结果表明：当轨道高度降低到250 km左右时,航天器受到的气动 阻力比500 km高出约2个数量级;一般情况下,超低轨航天器应采用细长体构型,减小迎风 面积;侧面积引起的航天器阻力已经不可忽略,应采用侧面光滑技术,减少侧面阻力;当超 低轨航天器长细比超过一定限度后,随着长细比增大,大气阻力升高。