试验用流速测试技术的新发展

流速测试技术是研究流场中气流流动特性的重要手段,了解现代流速测量仪器的原理和应用特点,对选择合适的仪器进行实验研究至关重要。本文介绍了国内外现代流速测试技术的原理和应用特点,并对各种测试仪器进行了流动速度测量的参数比较,依据比较结果给出了选取测量方式的若干原则,为气流流动实验选择合适的测量工具提供了有力的指导。     

模糊最小二乘系统辨识——用于等精度测量

提出了一种新的系统辨识的方法--模糊最小二乘系统辨识法。它适用于处理等精度条件下测量得到的数据;同时,给出了一种确定测量数组中各次测量数据隶属度的方法,并进行了应用举例,所得结果与传统辨识方法结果比较,证明此法对提高系统辨识精度效果显著。     

对旋风机对旋叶轮级间流场的实验研究

采用实验方法对对旋风机对旋叶轮级间流场进行了研究。在改变级间间隙和前后级转速的情况下,采用五孔探针对级间压力场和速度场进行了了测量,并对结果进行了分析。研究表明:前后级动叶加功量的分配在对旋风机的气动设计中占有很重要的地位,这种分配可以通过转速的匹配来实现;在气动设计中,应增加对旋叶轮级间间隙的控制设计。      

模型两相脉冲爆震发动机推力的测试与研究

应用推力间接测量法,对模型两相脉冲爆震发动机的瞬时推力进行了详尽的测试,并依此计算了相应的平均推力。分析比较所得结果表明,该模型能产生很大的瞬时推力。      

带μP的数字压力表设计

本文分析了硅压阻式压力传感器输出特性与硅电阻元件温度之间的关系。据此,提出了用μP对此类传感器进行温度及非线性等误差补偿的有效方法,以保证采用此类传感器的数字压力表在-20～50℃温度范围内误差≤±0.10％FS,在15～25℃范围内误差≤±0.05％FS。 本文还介绍了带μP数字压力表的硬件和软件,从而较好地解决了在较大温度范围内高精度压力测量的课题。     

LDV 技术用于測量振动圆柱尾迹

本文应用 LDV 技术在水槽中初步研究了静止和振动圆柱的尾迹特性。测量了尾迹中涡的脱落频率,振动圆柱与尾迹涡系统的频率锁定特性,静止及以锁定频率振动的圆柱尾迹中的平均速度和湍流度分布等,其结果与用热线技术测量的相符。     

皮托管测速技术在低速水洞流场校测中的应用

将皮托管测速技术成功用于大型低速水洞流场校测。通过采取一系列技术措施,有效地提高了皮托管测量低水流速度的可靠性和精度。经测量精确度分析以及与LDA结果比较,表明在水流速度0．5m／s以上,所采用的皮托管系统测量精度能够满足流场校测的要求。测量结果表明北航1．2m×1．0m多用途低速水洞实验段流速不均匀度和稳定性均达到设计指标。该工作为今后同类大型水洞流场校测探索出一条简单可靠的技术途径。     

RPC-MIP: the Mutual Impedance Probe of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium

The main objective of the Mutual Impedance Probe (MIP), part of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC), is to measure the electron density and temperature of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s coma, in particular inside the contact surface. Furthermore, MIP will determine the bulk velocity of the ionised outflowing atmosphere, define the spectral distribution of natural plasma waves, and monitor dust and gas activities around the nucleus. The MIP instrumentation consists of an electronics board for signal processing in the 7 kHz to 3.5 MHz range and a sensor unit of two receiving and two transmitting electrodes mounted on a 1-m long bar. In addition, the Langmuir probe of the RPC/LAP instrument that is at about 4 m from the MIP sensor can be used as a transmitter (in place of the MIP ones) and MIP as a receiver in order to have access to the density and temperature of plasmas at higher Debye lengths than those for which the MIP is originally designed.     

亚跨超风洞现代试验设计方法研究

开展了基于现代试验设计方法(MDOE)的亚跨超风洞试验研究,以八号标模尾翼为试验对象研究其气动特性,采用同时改变攻角-侧滑角的多变量方法,而不是传统的单变量(OFAT)方法进行试验。对自变量攻角和侧滑角进行试验设计(DOE),应用响应面法建模,用IV-最优方法对测量点分布进行设计。在FD-12亚跨超风洞完成了试验,并和传统的OFAT方法结果进行比较分析。结果表明:MDOE方法获得的数据和传统的OFAT方法的数据吻合很好;MDOE采集样点数减少了46%,吹风的时间比OFAT减少30%左右,提高了风洞试验效率,缩短了试验周期;MDOE试验方法可以给出设计空间内任意给定自变量对应的响应值及其置信区间。     

Ozone trends in the mid-latitude stratopause region based on microwave measurements at Lindau (51.66° N, 10.13° E), the ozone reference model,and model calculations

We compared 8 years of ozone measurements taken at Lindau (51.66° N, 10.13° E) at altitudes between 40 and 60 km using the microwave technique with the CIRA ozone reference model that was established 20 years ago (Keating et al., 1990). We observed a remarkable decrease in ozone density in the stratopause region (i.e., an altitude of 50 km), but the decrease in ozone density in the middle mesosphere (i.e., up to 60 km in altitude) is slight. Likewise, we observed only a moderate decrease in the atmospheric region below the stratopause. Other studies have found the strongest ozone decrease at 40 km and a more moderate decrease at 50 km, which is somewhat in contradiction to our results. This decrease in ozone density also strongly depends on the season. Similar results showed model calculations using the GCM COMMA-IAP when considering the increase in methane. In the lower mesosphere/stratopause region, the strongest impact on the concentration of odd oxygen (i.e., O₃ and O) was observed due to a catalytic cycle that destroys odd oxygen, including atomic oxygen and hydrogen radicals. The hydrogen radicals mainly result from an increase in water vapor with the growing anthropogenic release of methane. The finding suggesting that the stratopause region is apparently attacked more strongly by the water vapor increase has been interpreted in terms of the action of this catalytic cycle, which is most effective near the stratopause and amplified by a positive feedback between the ozone column density and the ozone dissociation rate, thereby chemically influencing the ozone density. However, the rising carbon dioxide concentration cools the middle atmosphere, thereby damping the ozone decline by hydrogen radicals.