波形隔板穿流孔孔径对通道流动和换热的影响

采用数值模拟的方法,对波形隔板结构复合通道的换热和流阻特性进行研究.设计了6种不同穿流孔孔径的隔板,研究孔径对通道中流动和换热的影响.将大小相间孔隔板结构的数值结果与已有实验结果进行对比,趋势符合较好.数值研究结果表明:在均孔隔板结构中,当孔径小时,通道换热好,同时流阻大;当孔径增大时,通道换热变差,同时流阻降低.当隔板上穿流孔总穿流面积一定时,大小相间孔的隔板结构与均孔隔板结构相比,换热略好些.     

Apparent rotation properties of space debris extracted from photometric measurements

Knowledge about the rotation properties of space debris objects is essential for the active debris removal missions, accurate re-entry predictions and to investigate the long-term effects of the space environment on the attitude motion change. Different orbital regions and object’s physical properties lead to different attitude states and their change over time.Since 2007 the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB) performs photometric measurements of space debris objects. To June 2016 almost 2000 light curves of more than 400 individual objects have been acquired and processed. These objects are situated in all orbital regions, from low Earth orbit (LEO), via global navigation systems orbits and high eccentricity orbit (HEO), to geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO). All types of objects were observed including the non-functional spacecraft, rocket bodies, fragmentation debris and uncorrelated objects discovered during dedicated surveys. For data acquisition, we used the 1-meter Zimmerwald Laser and Astrometry Telescope (ZIMLAT) at the Swiss Optical Ground Station and Geodynamics Observatory Zimmerwald, Switzerland. We applied our own method of phase-diagram reconstruction to extract the apparent rotation period from the light curve. Presented is the AIUB’s light curve database and the obtained rotation properties of space debris as a function of object type and orbit.     

腐蚀环境下铜薄膜传感器金属结构裂纹监测

铜薄膜传感器在飞机金属结构损伤监测过程中,将长期面临大气腐蚀环境的影响。针对此背景,研究了铜薄膜传感器在腐蚀环境下的耐蚀性能,及腐蚀后的疲劳裂纹监测性能。首先,采用脉冲偏压多弧离子镀技术在不同弧电流和基体负偏压水平下制备了一系列铜薄膜,对其耐蚀性能进行了对比研究。结果表明,在弧电流60 A和基体负偏压250 V时沉积的铜薄膜耐蚀性能最佳。然后,结合耐蚀性能最佳的沉积工艺参数,在2A12-T4铝合金中心孔板试件上制备了同心环状铜薄膜传感器阵列,并开展了盐雾腐蚀试验。最后,对腐蚀试验后的铜薄膜传感器进行了疲劳裂纹监测试验。结果表明:铜薄膜传感器在腐蚀环境下具有良好的耐蚀性能,耐蚀时间达1 000 h;腐蚀试验后的铜薄膜传感器对裂纹变化敏感,能实现对裂纹定量监测,监测精度为1 mm,监测结果具有良好的可重复性。     

小天体高速撞击器视线制导律设计

针对小天体高速撞击器设计了一种视线制导律。为了解决轨道修正机动时机选取问题 ,本文引入B平面点位误差椭圆描述预测撞击点的置信度,通过控制撞击点落入指定的误差 椭圆概率区域内,将轨道修正机动时刻选取问题,转化为对发动机开关曲线的设计。该制导 律利用当前位置、速度信息构建视线旋转角速度与距离变化率,驱动发动机开关抑制视线的 旋转角速率,使其最终撞击到目标点上。严格的蒙特卡罗仿真表明,该制导律在节省燃料的 同时,可以使撞击精度比预测制导方法提高100米以上,达到250米以内。
     

XDLF型流量控制阀的设计

本文介绍了流量控制阀的设计过程和工作原理，并计算了误差精度。本阀具有结构简单、工作可靠，在小流量情况下，工作稳定、精度高的特点。     

P—S—N曲线的测定及数据处理

根据３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＮｉ２Ａ高强度钢的疲劳试验结果，系统地介绍了该材料Ｐ－Ｓ－Ｎ曲线的测定、绘制、数据处理方法，并阐述了Ｋｔ＝５时的材料疲劳特征。还附有数据处理用表。     

氩气保护镍基复合镀层中增强相热稳定性研究

研究了Ｎｉ－Ｂ４Ｃ复合镀层中，增强相Ｂ４Ｃ颗粒的热稳定性及镀层组成和性能的相应变化。金相显微结果表明，Ｂ４Ｃ颗粒在５００℃时开始分解，至８００℃分解完毕。Ｘ－ｒａｙ衍射、ＸＰＳ试验证实Ｂ４Ｃ颗粒分解后与Ｎｉ生成新相Ｎｉ３Ｂ，而且，由于Ｂ元素有着向镀层表面聚集的趋势，导致Ｎｉ３Ｂ首先在邻近表面的镀层中出现。Ｂ４Ｃ颗粒的分解，极大地降低镀层的硬度，但能有效地提高镀层的抗氧化能力。因此，Ｎｉ－Ｂ４Ｃ若作为耐磨材料，使用温度不宜大于５００℃，倘若利用它的抗氧化能力，即使在８００℃高温下，仍能耐受相当长的时间。     

氧化锆热障涂层的组织和性能研究

通过研究发动机热端部件氧化锆热障涂层8YSZ （ZrO2＋8％Y2O3）的结合强度、隔热性能和抗热震性能,分析热障涂层性能和相应的失效机制,总结了传统热障涂层和纳米热障涂层之间性能的差异,研究结果表明：纳米热障涂层的力学性能、隔热能力和抗热震性能均明显优于传统热障涂层.     

A novel method for solving shortest tool length based on compressing 3D check surfaces relative to tool postures

Solving the shortest tool length quickly under a known tool trajectory in multi-axis machining of complex channel parts is an urgent problem in industrial production. To solve this problem, a novel and efficient method is proposed which is featured by extracting only a few necessary curves from the check surface instead of sampling the entire surface. By rotating and compressing the 3D check surface relative to all tool postures, the boundaries of the area occupied by the 2D compressed surfaces are the essential elements for determining the shortest tool length. A tracking-based numerical algorithm is introduced to efficiently solve the silhouette curves which are formed in compressing. To define the multi-taper shaped tool holding system (THS) which is commonly used in production, a characterization model for THS profile is established. A model for solving the shortest tool length is finally constructed based on the critical interference relationship between the THS profile and all compressed boundary curves. For acceleration, the boundary splines are segmented according to their knot vectors. Then a new concept called the axis-aligned tool length box (AATB) is introduced, which can provide a conservative range of tool length for a spline segment. By scanning the AATBs of all spline segments, the very few effective spline segments that may ultimately determine the shortest tool length are filtered out. This acceleration method makes the solution for the shortest tool length more focused and efficient. The results of experimental examples are also reported to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm.     

聚氨酯/聚乙烯水袋无伞空投跌落仿真

基于Abaqus软件中的拉格朗日-欧拉耦合算法,对一种双层聚氨酯/聚乙烯水袋50 m高空无伞空投跌落冲击过程进行数值仿真,并对聚乙烯材料的厚度进行参数化研究.重点分析水袋以水平、垂直和45°倾斜姿态冲击地面时袋体的瞬态应力、位移变化以及破损情况.通过与已有实验数据的对比验证了该数值方法的有效性.仿真结果表明,2 mm聚...