Solitary and periodic waves in magneto–rotating plasmas: Effect of the Kappa–Cairns distributed electrons

The nonlinear propagation of ion–acoustic (IA) waves in a magneto–rotating plasma is studied by considering the Kappa-Cairns electron distribution. Employing the perturbation scheme, Korteweg–de Vries equation is derived. It is seen that both positive and negative potential solitons can be supported in the present plasma model. The numerical results reveal that the Kappa-Cairns distributed electrons modify features of the electrostatic waves significantly. The effects of non–thermal parameters, plasma rotation frequency, ion temperature, and the wave propagation angle on electrostatic solitary wave structures are also discussed here. It is found that the plasma parameters considerably influence the propagation of IA waves in rotating plasmas. Furthermore, using the bifurcation theory of planar dynamical systems to the K-dV equation, we have presented the existence of solitary and periodic traveling waves. Our study may be helpful to understand the behavior of ion–acoustic wave in the rotating plasma.     

空间在轨环境下的30 cm离子推力器三栅极组件间距变化仿真分析

采用有限元仿真(FEM)与地面热平衡试验验证相结合的方法，计算并模拟了30 cm离子推力器处于在轨环境时，有、无主动热控对三栅极相对位移变化造成的影响，并对目前离子推力器设置的工作启动流程可能造成的打火风险进行了预估。结果显示：三栅极组件的热形变方向均为法向方向，且栅极中心区域的间距最小；在 -269 ℃ 在轨极限环境温度下，推力器在5 kW工作模式下温度平衡后的屏栅与加速栅最大热态间距为0.14 mm，加速栅和减速栅则已发生贴合；在受太阳辐照以及卫星帆板恒温边界的影响下，栅面最低初始温度为-102 ℃；当推力器主动热控保证温控点为20 ℃时，栅面最低启动温度为-25 ℃，且推力器工作8000 s后，屏栅与加速栅、加速栅与减速栅的最小间距分别稳定在0.25 mm和0.20 mm；当推力器主动热控保证温控点为50 ℃时，推力器工作9000 s后，屏栅与加速栅、加速栅和减速栅最小间距分别稳定在0.31 mm和0.30 mm，能够满足0.25 mm的栅极安全打火间距要求。     

离子色谱法测定标准物质DIANP中的无机阴离子

采用离子色谱法对DIANP中无机阴离子NO2-,N3-,NO3-,CO32-,SO42-进行测定。乙腈溶解DI-ANP后,加水萃取无机离子,通过On GuardⅡRP柱,去除DIANP或其分解的有机产物,用氢氧化钾溶液为淋洗液梯度洗脱,流速为1.0mL/min,采用IonPac AS11-HC阴离子色谱柱进行分析。测定结果,5种阴离子相关系数达到0.999以上,相对标准偏差为1.57%～4.30%,NO2-,N3-,NO3-,SO24-加标平均回收率为89.3%～98.6%。该方法简便、快速,且结果满意。     

Use of coated silicon field emitters as neutralisers for fundamental physics space missions

Spacecraft neutralisers are required as part of the ion propulsion system for accurate station keeping in fundamental physics missions. This paper describes the use of thin layers of insulating materials as coatings for the gated silicon field emitter array structure used in a spacecraft neutraliser. These thin coatings are postulated to reduce power consumption and reduce overheating. The power consumption and lifetime of aluminium nitride and amorphous hydrogenated diamond-like carbon coatings have been tested by current–voltage and endurance tests. Diamond-like carbon coatings were promising, performing better in endurance tests than uncoated samples, but further work is required to characterise the coating’s physical properties and its effects on field emission. The thermal conductivity of the coating material had little effect on measured sample lifetimes. Aluminium nitride had reduced power consumption compared to diamond-like carbon coated and uncoated samples. A thin (∼5 nm) layer of aluminium nitride was found to be optimal, meeting European Space Agency specifications for the neutraliser engineering model.     

New concepts for the avoidance or utilisation of methane in life support systems

Due to high resupply costs, especially for long-duration stays in space habitats beyond low earth orbit, future manned space missions will require life support systems (LSS) with a high degree of regenerativity. Possible ways to overcome the waste of resources and to save on resupply mass are therefore of major interest for the development of next generation environmental control and life support systems.     

离子推力器加速栅寿命概率性分析

交换电荷离子对加速栅极的溅射腐蚀是离子推力器的关键失效模式之一,基于交换电荷离子对加速栅溅射腐蚀的物理机理,对离子推力器加速栅工作寿命进行了概率性建模。利用该模型对20cm Xe离子推力器加速栅寿命和其达到预期寿命的可靠度进行了评估。结果显示加速栅的寿命近似服从高斯分布,当推力器工作环境压力近似6.7×10-3Pa时,加速栅工作寿命达到3kh的可靠度为0.9352。     

西安市自来水中铝离子的安全性分析

根据西安市各水厂的供水情况，选择具有代表性的曲江水厂为研究对象，对水中的铝离子含量及健康危害风险进行了研究，发现该厂自来水中铝离子超标率为9％，尽管对人体的健康危害风险值在人们可接受范围内，但其最大值已经和人们最大可以接受的风险值在同一数量级。     

Generation of kinetic Alfvén waves by velocity shear instability on auroral field lines

Ion beams observed in the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL), cusp, and on the auroral zone field lines are expected to have spatial gradients in their drift velocity. Generation of kinetic Alfvén waves by velocity shear of the ion beams is discussed. It is shown that a hot ion beam can excite both a resonant kinetic Alfvén wave instability and a non-resonant coupled Alfvén-ion acoustic instability. For typical parameters, observed on the auroral field lines in the altitude range of 5–7 R_E (where R_E is the Earth’s radius), the frequency of the velocity shear modes, in the satellite frame of reference, lie in the ultra-low frequency (ULF) range. The noise due to velocity shear driven Alfvén modes is electromagnetic in nature, and has a finite parallel electric field component.     

Proton lateral broadening distribution comparisons between GRNTRN,MCNPX, and laboratory beam measurements

Recent developments in NASA’s deterministic High charge (Z) and Energy TRaNsport (HZETRN) code have included lateral broadening of primary ion beams due to small-angle multiple Coulomb scattering, and coupling of the ion-nuclear scattering interactions with energy loss and straggling. This new version of HZETRN is based on Green function methods, called GRNTRN, and is suitable for modeling transport with both space environment and laboratory boundary conditions. Multiple scattering processes are a necessary extension to GRNTRN in order to accurately model ion beam experiments, to simulate the physical and biological-effective radiation dose, and to develop new methods and strategies for light-ion radiation therapy. In this paper we compare GRNTRN simulations of proton lateral broadening distributions with beam measurements taken at Loma Linda University Proton Therapy Facility. The simulated and measured lateral broadening distributions are compared for a 250 MeV proton beam on aluminum, polyethylene, polystyrene, bone substitute, iron, and lead target materials. The GRNTRN results are also compared to simulations from the Monte Carlo MCNPX code for the same projectile-target combinations described above.