A high-performance ground-based prototype of horn-type sequential vegetable production facility for life support system in space

Vegetable cultivation plays a crucial role in dietary supplements and psychosocial benefits of the crew during manned space flight. Here we developed a ground-based prototype of horn-type sequential vegetable production facility, named Horn-type Producer (HTP), which was capable of simulating the microgravity effect and the continuous cultivation of leaf–vegetables on root modules. The growth chamber of the facility had a volume of 0.12 m³, characterized by a three-stage space expansion with plant growth. The planting surface of 0.154 m² was comprised of six ring-shaped root modules with a fibrous ion-exchange resin substrate. Root modules were fastened to a central porous tube supplying water, and moved forward with plant growth. The total illuminated crop area of 0.567 m² was provided by a combination of red and white light emitting diodes on the internal surfaces. In tests with a 24-h photoperiod, the productivity of the HTP at 0.3 kW for lettuce achieved 254.3 g eatable biomass per week. Long-term operation of the HTP did not alter vegetable nutrition composition to any great extent. Furthermore, the efficiency of the HTP, based on the Q-criterion, was 7 × 10⁻⁴ g² m⁻³ J⁻¹. These results show that the HTP exhibited high productivity, stable quality, and good efficiency in the process of planting lettuce, indicative of an interesting design for space vegetable production.     

基于变量集结预测控制的四旋翼无人机控制器设计

针对四旋翼无人机路径跟踪问题,设计了一种基于变量集结预测控制的控制器。首先以四旋翼无人机状态空间模型为基础建立预测模型;接着设计控制器时采用分段集结的策略把控制量集结成三段优化序列以减少优化计算量,并降低优化保守性,为了进一步加强系统稳定性,控制器引入终端代价函数和终端约束;最后用四旋翼无人机的动力学模型作为被控对象进行仿真验证,结果表明：该控制器能使四旋翼无人机在三轴方向均能实现一个良好的路径跟踪效果。与传统方法相比,这种基于变量集结的预测控制策略能够减小在线优化量,更适合四旋翼无人机飞控芯片的应用。     

项目决策阶段的造价控制措施

从分析项目投资决策的重要性人手,针对项目决策过程中存在的问题,分别采取相应措施,以控制工程造价,达到预期的经济效益和社会效益目标。     

F-35项目调整所带来的影响

介绍了美国F-35飞机采办项目的最新调整情况以及该项目在经济可承受性方面所面临的问题。     

Generalized Kutta–Joukowski theorem for multi-vortex and multi-airfoil flow with vortex production——A general model

By using a special momentum approach and with the help of interchange between singularity velocity and induced flow velocity, we derive in a physical way explicit force formulas for twodimensional inviscid flow involving multiple bound and free vortices, multiple airfoils, and vortex production. These force formulas hold individually for each airfoil thus allowing for force decomposition, and the contributions to forces from singularities(such as bound and image vortices,sources, and doublets) and bodies out of an airfoil are related to their induced velocities at the locations of singularities inside this airfoil. The force contribution due to vortex production is related to the vortex production rate and the distance between each pair of vortices in production, thus frameindependent. The formulas are validated against a number of standard problems. These force formulas, which generalize the classic Kutta–Joukowski theorem(for a single bound vortex) and the recent generalized Lagally theorem(for problems without a bound vortex and vortex production) to more general cases, can be used to identify or understand the roles of outside vortices and bodies on the forces of the actual body, optimize arrangement of outside vortices and bodies for force enhancement or reduction, and derive analytical force formulas once the flow field is given or known.     

小卫星侦察星座性能评估研究

针对小卫星侦察星座性能评估问题,从覆盖、成本和弹性三方面对小卫星侦察星座的性能指标进行研究,分别构建了考虑存储容量约束的覆盖能力评估模型、成本估计模型以及弹性能力评估模型。在覆盖能力评估模型中,将卫星存储容量作为约束条件,结合卫星覆盖几何模型分析了卫星对地侦察的工作条件,提出考虑存储容量的覆盖指标计算方法;通过小卫星成本模型(small satellite cost model,SSCM)对星座各分系统的成本进行估计;在弹性评估模型中,提出了星座性能损失率指标,并根据星座失效状态概率函数确定了不同失效状态下星座性能损失率的权重。将上述模型应用于SkySat和吉林一号星座的性能评估过程中,结果表明SkySat比吉林一号覆盖能力强、成本低,弹性差。提出的三个模型可用于评价星座优劣,为小卫星侦察星座的建设和性能评估工作提供参考。     

战术固体火箭发动机按费用优化设计

论述了按费用设计的概念和方法，在５种战术固体火箭发动机制造成本数据统计分析的基础上，以部件重量作为模型参数，建立了适合于战术固体发动机的喷管，装药和壳体成本模型，根据这些成本模型，对某地－空战术导弹火箭发动机以冲费和为目标函数进行按费用优化设计，所得结果通过与实际发动机试车结果及制造成本比较，表明以作为参数的成本模型合理，按费用优化设计技术可行，经济上合理。     

基于有限时间H2性能指标的导弹机动突防策略设计

针对导弹机动突防策略设计中存在的对主要性能指标缺乏综合评价手段的问题,基于有限时间H2性能指标,给出系统性能分析与设计的准则,综合考虑脱靶量和机动消耗的能量,设计了脱靶量/能量最优的机动形式。考虑拦截器制导律信息存在不确定性,提出了有限时间鲁棒H2性能分析方法与有限时间鲁棒H2保性能控制准则,设计了在拦截器制导律信息存在不确定性时的保性能机动。结果表明,突防导弹在拦截末段的大幅度机动最为有效,能够以较小的能量代价换取较大的拦截脱靶量。
     

中国运载火箭技术发展

中国航天运输系统建设起步于20世纪60年代,经过近50年的发展,取得了举世瞩目的成就,建设了布局合理、覆盖全面的空间运输系统体系,能够将不同有效载荷发射到低、中、高不同轨道。国际合作方面,在搭载发射、商业卫星发射服务和在轨交付3个方面也取得了一定成绩。对中国航天运输系统发展成就进行了总结,对航天运输系统未来发展特别是人工智能技术应用进行了展望。     

反台晶体及其应用

介绍了应用离子束刻蚀技术制作高基频反台晶体谐振器及反台晶体谐振器的应用。