航空发动机安全边界与“即用性”燃料认证方法

在航空替代燃料缺乏足够飞行数据,几乎不可能通过有限发动机和飞行实验来评价其安全特性状况下,研究开发了一种简便却可保证适航安全性的方法来研究航空替代燃料的安全性能.“即用性”航空替代燃料被认为是发动机更换最频繁的部件,从而采用相似类比、使用经验方法来验证“即用性”燃料的适航符合性.以航空煤油实际使用经验为基准,提炼燃料性能、燃料系统、燃烧性能、发动机性能、飞机性能5个层次上参数化描述的安全边界,与通过航空替代燃料在5个层次上得到的工作边界进行相似类比,从而预测发动机使用替代燃料的安全性.该方法提炼了替代燃料在发动机安全性上的判定准则,还降低了认证流程的燃料成本和时间成本.      

国内外飞机雷电直接效应试验标准对比

飞机雷电直接效应的试验依据,国内可参照的标准只有HB6129-1987《飞机雷电防护要求和试验方法》与GJB3567-99《军用飞机雷电防护鉴定试验方法》,这两部标准发布年代较早,相对于国外近年发布的标准有较大差异。本文将GJB3567-99与国外主流标准进行全面比较,分析国内外雷电直接效应试验标准的差别,并对试验依据的选择提出了建议。     

航空发动机进气系统结冰适航性条款研究

发动机进气系统结冰通常给发动机工作带来不利影响,甚至引起飞行事故,因此CCAR 33.68"进气系统的结冰"对每型发动机在结冰条件下的运行提出了适航性要求。对航空发动机防冰系统的适航性要求进行了解读,归纳了防冰方式对防冰系统的数值计算/关键点分析、试验验证进行了研究,介绍了典型符合性验证案例。本研究了可为国内开展航空发动机防冰适航性工作提供技术支持。     

基于适航标准的民用涡扇发动机空中起动飞行试验

为了准确评估民用涡扇发动机空中起动试验性能与适航标准体系的符合性,在分析、解读中国民用航空局运输类飞机适航标准和美国联邦航空管理局咨询通告的基础上,制定了民用涡扇发动机空中起动飞行试验方案,以ARJ21-700型支线飞机配装的CF34-10A涡扇发动机合格审定试飞为平台,国内首次进行了相关试飞技术研究及飞行试验。试验结果表明：该空中起动飞行试验方案合理可行,能够完整、全面地验证民用涡扇发动机对适航标准体系的符合性。发动机最高起动边界为22500ft,起动高度指标设计合理,起动功能正常、可靠,满足适航标准要求。飞机待机状态双发失效后至起动成功高度损失为1457 ft,远小于适航标准规定的5000 ft指标。项目形成的试飞方案及积累的试飞经验为后续C919,C929等民用客机及其配装发动机的适航审定提供直接技术支持。     

XSR型铷原子频标的检修

对我厂的频率标准ＸＳＲ型铷原子频标发生的故障及具体检修情况作了较详细的分析和介绍。可供修复同类或其他类铷原子频标参考。     

高值电容标准首次比对实验结果分析

1μF以上电容量值的溯源难度较大,为保证国防系统内高值电容（10μF~10mF）参数的量值统一、准确可靠。北京东方计量测试研究所组织国防系统内四家计量单位首次开展了（10μF~10mF）/100Hz高值电容标准的比对实验,取得了宝贵的实验数据。本文公布了比对结果,并对实验数据进行进一步分析。本次比对以各参加实验室测量结果的加权算术平均值作为参考值,其中权重与各实验室声称的不确定度平方的倒数成比例。实验数据由4家单位共享。     

一种新型液压控制系统及其应用研究

介绍了一种新型液压控制系统及其应用。该系统通过差动流量细分技术、电机转速特性适配技术和恒渗漏技术的应用,克服了常见液压控制系统存在的油泵在低转速下压力波动较大、伺服电机在低转速下运行不平稳、油缸压力难以保持等技术难点。使用该液压系统研制的叠加式力标准机,力值重复性达到0.015%。这对采用液压控制系统研制标准力源有积极的借鉴意义。     

F-region ionospheric parameters observed in the equatorial and low latitude regions during medium solar activity in the Brazilian sector and comparison with the IRI-2007 model results

The ionospheric sounding observations using the Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosondes (CADIs) operational at Palmas (PAL; 10.2°S, 48.2°W; dip latitude 6.6°S; a near-equatorial station), and São José dos Campos (SJC, 23.2°S, 45.9°W; dip latitude 17.6°S; a low-latitude station located under the southern crest of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly), Brazil, are analyzed during the different seasons viz., winter (June and July 2003), spring (September and October 2003), summer (December 2003 and January 2004), and fall (March and April 2004). The period used has medium solar activity (sunspot number between 77.4 and 39.3). The seasonal mean variations (using only geomagnetically quiet days) of the ionospheric parameters foF2 (critical frequency of the F-region), hpF2 (virtual height at 0.834 foF2; considered to be close to hmF2 (peak height of the F-region)), and h’F (minimum virtual height of the F-region) are calculated and compared between PAL and SJC. The prominent differences between PAL and SJC are as follows: h’F variations show strong post-sunset enhancement at PAL during the seasons of spring, summer, and fall; hpF2 variations show pre-sunrise uplifting of the F-layer at both stations during all the seasons and the hpF2 values during the daytime are lower at SJC compared with PAL during all the seasons; the foF2 variations show mid-day bite-out at PAL during all the seasons and SJC shows strong equatorial ionospheric anomaly during summer and fall seasons. Also, the seasonal variations of the ionospheric parameters foF2 and hpF2 (with ±1 standard deviation) observed at PAL and SJC are compared with the IRI-2007 model results of foF2 and hmF2. In addition, variations of the foF2 and hpF2 observed at SJC are compared with the IRI-2001 model results of foF2 and hmF2. It should be pointed out that the ionospheric parameter hpF2 is much easier to obtain using computer program developed at UNIVAP compared with hmF2 (using POLAN program). During the daytime due to underlying ionization hpF2 estimated is higher (approximately 50 km) than the true peak height hmF2. During the nighttime hpF2 is fairly close to hmF2. The comparison between the foF2 variations observed at PAL and SJC with the IRI-2007 model results shows a fairly good agreement during all the seasons. However, the comparison between the hpF2 variations observed at PAL and SJC with the hmF2 variations with the IRI-2007 model results shows: (1) a fairly good agreement during the nighttime in all the seasons; (2) the model results do not show the pre-sunrise uplifting of the F-layer at PAL and SJC in any season; (3) the model results do not show the post-sunset uplifting of the F-layer at PAL; (4) considering that, in general, hpF2 is higher than hmF2 during the daytime by about 50 km, the model results are in good agreement at PAL and SJC during all the seasons except summer at SJC, when large discrepancies in the observed hpF2 and modeled hmF2 are observed. Also, it has been observed that, in general, hmF2 values for SJC calculated using IRI-2001 are higher than IRI-2007 during the daytime in winter, summer, and fall. However, hmF2 values for SJC calculated using IRI-2001, are lower than IRI-2007 during the nighttime in spring.     

高分辨力原子频标比对装置的研制

高分辨力原子频标比对装置是采用时差法和频率差值倍增技术相结合的方法对待测信号进行频率稳定度的测量。测试结果表明该方案设计的合理性和先进性,其实际测量的附加频率不稳定度指标达到<5.0E-14/1s。     

一种小体积低功耗微波倍频电路

针对微型相干布居囚禁（CPT）原子频标开展了小型、低功耗微波电路的研究,借助于ADS仿真,设计并实现了一种利用微带线传输微波,以阶跃恢复二极管作为非线性器件的小体积、低功耗微波倍频电路,电路面积为20mm×10mm、功耗小于10mW。测试结果表明：当输入功率为6dBm、频率为569.5MHz的信号时,获得了所需要的频率为3417MHz、功率为-9dBm的微波输出,满足CPT原子频标对微波信号的需求。