Severe disruption of the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules in a human macrophageal cell line in microgravity—Results of an in vitro experiment on board of the Shenzhou-8 space mission

During spaceflight the immune system is one of the most affected systems of the human body. During the SIMBOX (Science in Microgravity Box) mission on Shenzhou-8, we investigated microgravity-associated long-term alterations in macrophageal cells, the most important effector cells of the immune system. We analyzed the effect of long-term microgravity on the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules. Human U937 cells were differentiated into a macrophageal phenotype and exposed to microgravity or 1g on a reference centrifuge on-orbit for 5 days. After on-orbit fixation, the samples were analyzed with immunocytochemical staining and confocal microscopy after landing. The unmanned Shenzhou-8 spacecraft was launched on board a Long March 2F (CZ-2F) rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) and landed after a 17-day-mission. We found a severely disturbed actin cytoskeleton, disorganized tubulin and distinctly reduced expression of CD18, CD36 and MHC-II after the 5 days in microgravity. The disturbed cytoskeleton, the loss of surface receptors for bacteria recognition, the activation of T lymphocytes, the loss of an important scavenger receptor and of antigen-presenting molecules could represent a dysfunctional macrophage phenotype. This phenotype in microgravity would be not capable of migrating or recognizing and attacking pathogens, and it would no longer activate the specific immune system, which could be investigated in functional assays. Obviously, the results have to be interpreted with caution as the model system has some limitations and due to numerous technical and biological restrictions (e.g. 23 °C and no CO₂ supply during in-flight incubation). All parameter were carefully pre-tested on ground. Therefore, the experiment could be adapted to the experimental conditions available on Shenzhou-8.     

基于事物特性表和Pro/E族表技术的冷冲模标准件库的建立

利用事物特性表描述标准化和规范化的产品信息,可以实现产品的快速设计和变形设计。本文研究了事物特性表进行变形设计的原理,利用三维绘图软件Pro E二次开发工具族表技术,实现了利用事物特性表建立冷冲模标准件库的预期目标     

航空电励磁双凸极电动机角度优化控制策略

电励磁双凸极电机的传统标准角控制方法,在换相时容易产生负转矩,存在转矩脉动大的缺点;三状态提前角度控制方法,解决了电机在高速工作时的转矩小的不足,但也增大了转矩脉动。通过分析两种控制方法的优缺点,结合传统电机成熟的控制方法,提出了一种应用于电励磁双凸极电机的六状态优化提前角度控制策略,并推导出该控制策略下的最优提前角度。通过仿真和实验验证,该优化策略可以有效减小转矩脉动,并增加电机的转矩,提高了该电机的起动性能。     

A new approach to the telescope operation method for satellite tracking using a time synchronization technique

For the development of a telescope that is capable of precisely tracking satellites and high-speed operation such as satellite laser ranging, a special method of telescope operation is required. This study aims to propose a new telescope operation method and system configuration for the independent development of a mount and an operation system which includes the host computer. Considering that the tracking of a satellite is performed in real time, communication and synchronization between the two independent subsystems are important. Therefore, this study applied the concept of time synchronization, which is used in various fields of industry, to the communication between the command computer and the mount. In this case, communication delays do not need to be considered in general, and it is possible to cope with data loss. Above all, when the mount is replaced in the future, only the general communication interface needs to be modified, and thus, it is not limited by replacement in terms of the overall system management. The performance of the telescope operation method developed in this study was verified by applying the method to the first mobile SLR system in Korea. This study is significant in that it proposed a new operation method and system configuration, to which the concept of time synchronization was applied, for the observation system that requires an optical telescope.     

超声速高超声速风洞测力数据衔接性的研究

本文叙述半锥角θc=1 0°尖锥模型和HB 2标模在FD 0 7风洞的气动力测量结果。通过与FD 0 6跨超声速风洞及国内外其它风洞实验数据的比较 ,讨论从超声速到高超声速的不同风洞设备中气动力测量数据随 Ma数的衔接变化 ,分析新建的FD 0 7风洞气动力测量的准确性和可靠性。     

正压漏孔校准装置的不确定度评定

介绍了正压漏孔校准装置的不确定度评定。该装置是一种校准气体漏率的计量标准 ,可采用定容法和定量气体动态比较法对正压漏孔进行校准 ,校准范围为 (1 0 2 ～ 5× 1 0 -5 )Pa·L/s。     

环境应力筛选技术及其应用和发展综述

文章分析了标准GJB 1032《电子产品环境应力筛选方法》本身存在的一些问题,列举了在该标准实施过程中的一些不正确的做法,并对此进行了分析。介绍了常规环境应力筛选技术的发展情况和新发展的高加速应力筛选,提出修订GJB 1032和制订《常规环境应力筛选指南》和《高加速应力筛选指南》两个标准的建议。     

场强标准和EMS测试装置

本文简述了TEM小室的用途、结构设计及主要性能的测试方法。TEM小室不仅能作电磁场标准,而且能作EMC测试设备,它的工作频率范围为5kHz～300MHz。所产生的最大场强为300V/m。所提供的横电磁波的大小由输入功率或输入电压计算。文章还介绍了为降低输入端驻波比所采取的一些措施,给出了性能测试结果,并用广义方和根法分析了系统的不确定度。     

高精度频标比对实现的新方法

提出了一种实现高精度频标比对的新方法,通过控制正反相切换电路来达到消除鉴相中的“死区”和非线性问题,通过对两个比对信号经过鉴相器输出的矩形脉冲进行填充,并对填充脉冲在给定时间内进行计数可以将计数值进行曲线拟合,得到高精度的相位比对曲线并计算出两比对信号的频差。     

Josephson阵列电压标准及对标准电池的自动化检定

叙述了引进的１Ｖ／１０Ｖ超导Ｊｏｓｅｐｈｓｏｎ阵列电压标准的工作原理，系统组成及性能特征。在进行了大量测量、比对实验的基础上，对系统的不确定度进行了计算分析并与实时分析进行了比较，且得到验证。为了进一步减小复现１Ｖ电压单位的不确定度，提高１Ｖ量传的自动化程度，我们研制了高稳定性电压传递标准和低热电势程控开关，编制了相应的运行软件，对本系统作了必要改进。改进后，不仅实现了阵列标准对标准电池电动势的自动化测量，而且使复现１Ｖ电压单位的不确定度小于１ｘ１０￣（－８），平均值的标准偏差小于６ｘ１０￣（－９）。