新型锆钛合金的动态拉伸力学性能与微观断裂机制试验研究

采用直接撞击式Hopkinson拉杆装置对新型锆钛合金材料在动态冲击载荷作用下的力学性能进行了试验研究,得到了典型动态拉伸真应力-真应变曲线。试验结果表明,在室温、应变率为800~4000s-1的情况下,材料的动态强度（包含屈服强度σ_0.2、抗拉强度σ_b）、失稳应变、伸长率以及应变能密度均随应变率的增大而增大。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对试件断口进行分析,研究了合金材料在不同应变率状态下的失效断裂特征。结果发现,随应变率的增大,材料的断裂方式由准解理断裂变为韧性断裂。     

系留气球的升空模拟

建立了系留气球升空的数学模型,介绍了1个系留气球升空模拟系统的实现方法,提出了单个气球、串式球和混合式3种系留气球设计方案。利用该系统设计了系留气球模型并对其升空过程进行了模拟,和已有相似方案的对比结果,表明了该系统对实际系留气球设计有指导作用。     

通道式表面张力贮箱推进剂管理装置的设计

为了减少推进剂管理装置的质量和筛网使用面积，提出以最小剩余质量为目标，进行通道式表面张力管理装置的设计。用引进下降因子的Newton格式分析计算模型，通过压力网络计算，得到了结构尺寸和剩余质量的关系，并且讨论选择了最佳设计点。结果表明，以剩余质量为目标可得到理想的设计，确定的最佳设计点可以为表面张力贮箱设计提供参考。     

板式贮箱内部流动的定常和非定常数值模拟

为了研究微重力环境下板式表面张力贮箱的内部流动规律,对板式贮箱导流板的驱动机理进行了分析,得到了微重力环境下板式贮箱内部定常和非定常流动的基本方程。应用四阶龙格-库塔法对定常流动方程进行求解,得到定常流动时导流板上液带的分布规律;应用MacCormack数值离散方法,对非定常流动方程进行求解,得到了不同时刻导流板上液带的分布规律及液带恢复稳定所需的时间。计算结果为板式贮箱的设计提供了数值依据,奠定了板式贮箱的设计基础。     

Influences of pre-torsion deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of pure titanium subjected to subsequent tension deformation

A series of experimental studies was carried out to investigate the influences of pre-torsion on microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and fracture appearance of pure titanium subjected to subsequent tension deformation. An introduction of pre-torsion strain can improve the materials’ mechanical properties through micro hardness evaluation. That is, the micro hardness of tensile samples with pre-torsion deformation is much higher than that of samples processed by single torsion or tension. It can be seen from the microstructure that pre-torsion deformation can be used to refine grains better and control grains’ morphology by combining subsequent tension. The results indicate that the grains are refined most evidently for tensile samples with 2 turn pre-torsion deformation. Moreover, fracture analysis indicates that tensile samples with pre-torsion strain can present good comprehensive performance. In conclusion, pre-torsion deformation plays an important role in improving comprehensive performance and controlling microstructure evolution on pure titanium subjected to later tension deformation.     

Marangoni heat pipe: An experiment on board MIOsat Italian microsatellite

This article summarizes the activities in preparation of a microgravity experiment to be carried out by using a small technological payload onboard a microsatellite developed by the Italian Space Agency. A dedicated hardware will be developed to investigate innovative heat pipes filled with self-rewetting fluids, i.e. dilute aqueous alcoholic solutions with unique surface tension properties. After a general introduction of the scientific background, the paper is focused on the main activities in preparation of the flight experiment, on the design of the flight hardware and on the experimental planned procedure. The laboratory results achieved on ground in preparation of a flight experiment are also presented, including measurements of fluids physical properties and preliminary heat pipes performances characterization test. From the engineering point of view, the activities dealing with heat pipes filling and sealing are included. The activities for heat pipe characterization conclude the paper.     

表面张力贮箱泡破点盲测技术研究

通过对表面张力贮箱结构、泡破点测试难点分析,提出了采用微压闭环控制技术解决测试过程管理装置内腔压力维持准平衡状态难题的技术途径,研制的贮箱泡破点盲测系统具有自动控制、自动判读及测试精度高等特点,经试验验证该技术满足贮箱泡破点盲测要求,已在型号研制中得到应用。     

高架运输索道的静力分析

根据柔索应变与位移的非线性几何关系以及自重作用与温度影响下的平衡方程,采用欧拉描述的坐标系统精确地求得了各点的位移和张力的一般解。由高架运输索道静力问题建立的非线性代数方程组应用改进的Powell混合算法编制的高精度DNEQNF程序直接进行求解。在例题中计算了索道在两端各种高度、跨度以及温度不同的情形并进行了分析。用本文的方法对高度相同的索道问题与其他学者用不同方法得到的结果进行了对比和讨论。     

高强度铝合金7804-T6板材温拉伸本构方程

通过在293~573K的温度范围内和应变速率为0.0006~0.06s^-1下对高强度铝合金7B04-T6薄板进行温拉伸试验,研究了高强度铝合金温拉伸性能,以及该合金在升温条件下流变应力与变形温度、应变速率之间的关系,可以得出结论:合金的流动应力随温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的升高而升高;延伸率随变形温度的升高而增大,随应变速率的增大而减小,并基于Fields and Backofen方程建立了该型铝合金在温拉伸时应力-应变模型.     

航天飞机G417载荷研制及油滴与水滴接触微重力实验

文章介绍了曾经由航天飞机STS-64飞行任务搭载的编号为G417载荷的研制经验以及利用该载荷在航天飞机上开展的油滴与水滴接触微重力实验。北京卫星环境工程研究所承担了该载荷全部研制任务,其研制经验和飞行实验可为我国将来空间站开展微重力实验提供参考。