穿孔管式扩散器出口流速均匀性研究

为解决穿孔管式燃油扩散器内部压力分布严重不均匀,导致燃油扩散器出口流速不符合要求的问题对穿孔管式扩散器出口流速均匀性开展研究。以 Matlab 及 Fuent 软件为平台,通过 Sparlar-Allmaras 湍流模型来处理燃油在扩散器内的三维流动,建立穿孔管式扩散器内部燃油流动模型,并分析其内部压力分布及出口处的速度分布。多次选代计算后,发现网孔开设及内部构型设计可有效调节内部的流动方式和压力分布。其中网孔开设方面应考虑开孔总面积足够大:另外,对内部构型进行修型,在扩散器内部适当位置添加合适高度的孔板。详细给出了网孔的开设方法及扩散器内部需重点考虑的3个关键孔板的设计规律,对穿孔管式燃油扩散器的设计及优化提供了理论参考。     

延伸喷管展开ADAMS动力学仿真

利用机械系统动力学仿真分析软件ADAMS进行延伸喷管展开动力学仿真,在已知延伸喷管结构尺寸、各部件质量特性、作动筒内压力及各种展开阻力的条件下,计算了延伸锥展开位移、速度和加速度。并与试验结果比较,两种结果接近。对计算结果分析得知,在保证展开时间满足要求的前提下,适当降低展开速度并尽可能匀速展开,可以减小展开过程中延伸锥与基础喷管之间的撞击力;为了保证展开可靠性,作动筒的展开力应有一定持续时间,尽量避免出现压力峰后压力突降。对固体火箭发动机延伸喷管设计与研究具有重要意义。     

速度对微多普勒的影响及其补偿研究

微多普勒为雷达目标识别提供了一种新的思路和方法,而目标的平动速度会影响微多普勒信息的提取.以锥体目标的进动为例来研究速度对微多普勒的影响,并提出中心法进行等效速度补偿,该方法不是先估计出速度值再对原始信号进行补偿,而是基于原始信号频谱信息进行的一种后处理.仿真结果表明该方法能有效地补偿速度.同时基于速度补偿后的频谱,提出重心法估计微多普勒的调制带宽并与中心法进行了比较,且采用最小二乘法拟合了不同信噪比下的估计误差.估计出的调制带宽可作为一种参数特征用于识别.     

基于速度积分匹配的旋转调制惯导系统动基座对准方法

卫星导航信息辅助动基座对准过程中,速度噪声会影响对准精度和快速性,制约了旋转调制惯导角秒级高精度快速对准的实现.针对这一问题,提出了一种基于旋转调制惯导速度积分匹配的快速动基座对准方法,通过建立旋转调制惯导动基座对准误差方程和卡尔曼滤波观测模型,以消除动基座对准对载机特殊运动的要求.最后,在实验室静态环境和车载环境下,分别开展了速度积分匹配和速度十位置组合导航动基座对准仿真实验.仿真结果表明,提出的速度积分匹配方法具有误差估计量收敛速度快的特点,在对准精度不降低的情况下相对组合导航匹配方式能有效缩短动基座对准时间,并能基于旋转调制惯导取消动基座对准对载机的机动需求.     

预冷组合循环发动机吸气式模态建模与性能分析

为了对预冷组合循环发动机开展性能分析，以协同吸气式火箭发动机（SABRE 4）为研究对象，采用部件法建立了发动机稳态模型，计算获得了SABRE 4发动机在吸气式模态下沿飞行弹道的性能参数变化规律。然后对发动机的高度和速度特性进行研究，得到了发动机的飞行包线。计算结果表明，在吸气式飞行弹道内，核心机推力和比冲的变化分别为488~680kN和34786~46954m/s。SABRE 4发动机具备推力大和比冲高的性能优势。在预冷器工作过程中，随着飞行马赫数增大，预冷器换热量不断增大，进入预燃室的氢流量减小，预燃室总温降低，HX3的吸热量减小。与其他压气机和涡轮相比，空气压气机和氦涡轮的工作参数变化较大。SABRE 4发动机通过对来流空气进行预冷，可实现在大空域和宽速域内工作。由于空气压气机的喘振和堵塞边界限制，发动机的高度和速度特性分别存在飞行高度和飞行马赫数的限制。     

Orbit determination of BeiDou navigation satellite system maneuvered satellites based on instantaneous velocity pulses parameters

The BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) comprises geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites as well as inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) and medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites. Owing to their special orbital characteristics, GEO satellites require frequent orbital maneuvers to ensure that they operate in a specific orbital window. The availability of the entire system is affected during the maneuver period because service cannot be provided before the ephemeris is restored. In this study, based on the conventional dynamic orbit determination method for navigation satellites, multiple sets of instantaneous velocity pulses parameters which belong to one of pseudo-stochastic parameters were used to simulate the orbital maneuver process in the orbital maneuver arc and establish the observed and predicted orbits of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites of BeiDou regional navigation satellite system (BDS-2) and BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3). Finally, the single point positioning (SPP) technology was used to verify the accuracy of the observed and predicted orbits. The orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered satellites can be greatly improved by using the orbit determination method proposed in this paper. The overlapping orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered GEO satellites of BDS-2 and BDS-3 can improve 2–3 orders of magnitude. Among them, the radial orbit determination accuracy of each maneuvered satellite is basically better than 1 m. simultaneously, the combined orbit determination of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites does not have a great impact on the orbit determination accuracy of the non-maneuvered satellites. Compared with the multi GNSS products (indicated by GBM) from the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), the impact of adding the maneuvered satellites on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-2 satellites is less than 9 %. Furthermore, the orbital recovery time and the service availability period are significantly improved. When the node of the predicted orbit is traversed approximately 3 h after the maneuver, the accuracy of the predicted orbit of the maneuvered satellite can reach that of the observed orbit. The SPP results for the BDS reached a normal level when the node of the predicted orbit was 2 h after the maneuver.     

转子径距比对燃料电池气体循环泵性能的影响

为了揭示径距比对凸轮式气体循环泵的气动性能的影响规律，通过坐标变换推导了3叶的圆弧-渐开线-圆弧转子型线方程，建立6种不同径距比的气体循环泵模型进行对比分析。采用重整化k-ε（RNG k-ε）湍流模型对转子腔内部进行三维非定常数值计算，结合动网格技术分析转子径距比对气体循环泵流量特性、转子腔速度分布的影响规律，并与试验结果进行对比。结果表明：转子径距比对气体循环泵性能影响较为明显，随着转子径距比由1.34增大到1.45，泵出口平均流量与瞬时流量脉动呈上升趋势，且在1.38~1.40时变化较为明显，平均流量增大了0.001 833 m³/s（15.8%）；转子径距比在1.38~1.40时，转子受力较好，对转子径向激励力分量F_x的抑制较为明显，对转子径向激励力分量F_y的影响不显著；随径距比变化，转子腔内涡量分布变化较为明显，转子径距比在1.40时，转子腔内涡量分布较小，有效抑制了气体回流。     

船用大功率柴油机瞬态工况油气响应及燃烧特性研究

针对船用大功率柴油机瞬态性能提升的需求，开展了增压中冷船用大功率柴油机瞬态工况动态响应及燃烧特性实验研究。研究表明，涡轮增压器惯性导致的进气滞后是柴油机瞬态工况下性能恶化的主要原因；突加载工况下，进气量响应滞后供油量响应4~5个工作循环，且进气量响应速度随初始负荷增加而增加，指示平均有效压力（Indicated Mean Effective Pressure，IMEP）等燃烧特征参数加载过程中响应速度较快，波动较小；缸内燃烧过程恶化，燃烧重心和燃烧终点较同负荷下稳态工况值均推迟。     

旋转带肋直通道湍流流动TR-PIV实验

采用高频粒子图像测速系统(TR-PIV)测量了旋转带肋通道内的主流平均速度、雷诺切应力、再附点等参数,并研究其沿程变化规律,通道高宽比为1,肋的阻塞比为0.1,雷诺数为10000,旋转数从0变化到0.52,实验结果表明:静止时流动呈对称分布,但旋转后产生的哥氏力会极大地影响通道内的湍流流动,随着转速的增加,主流速度型偏...     

Similarity phenomena of lean swirling flames at different bulk velocities with acoustic disturbances

In this study, flame responses to acoustic disturbances with different frequencies and amplitudes were experimentally investigated in a lean premixed swirl-stabilized combustor operating at different bulk velocities. The total heat release rate fluctuations and spatial CH* chemiluminescence distributions were captured using a photomultiplier tube and high-speed camera, respectively. The results indicate that the heat release rate exhibits a relatively drastic oscillation and high-order harmonics for low-frequency disturbances. When the bulk velocity and forcing frequency were doubled simultaneously, similar flame structures were observed in the CH* chemiluminescence distributions. As the bulk velocity increases, the gain of the Flame Describing Function (FDF) extends toward the higher frequencies, and the delay time of the flame response decreases. The similarity among FDFs at different bulk velocities was effectively captured by introducing a non-dimensional parameter, defined as the ratio of the flame response delay to the forcing time scale, to replace the dimensional forcing frequency. Furthermore, the availability of the newly defined non-dimensional parameter was verified for flames with different swirl numbers, as this played an important role in determining the flame structures and associated unsteady heat release rate.