一种精度可调的速度测量系统的设计与实现

根据常用的频率采集方法,结合速度矢量信号的特点,提出了将速度矢量信号转换为不同相位的频率信号以实现速度矢量采集的设计思路,通过软硬件结合的方式实现速度采集系统.为提高系统的测试性,设计了自激励测试电路.为了解决速度变化带来的采样精度低问题,设计了采样时钟自动调整机制.经测试,采集结果准确,精度可调,可满足系统要求.     

轴流压气机近失速及旋转失速全通道数值模拟

为研究轴流压气机失速起始的动态过程,对某两级低速轴流压气机的第1级进行整环全通道模拟.结果表明:在近失速点流场中存在周向大尺度的速度波动,该波动与静子叶排首先出现的周向不均匀分布的叶背附面层分离密切相关,并且随着压气机进一步节流,波动幅值逐渐增大,最终诱发转子若干通道出现严重附面层分离,堵塞流道,压气机进入旋转失速.失速团完全发展后的转动频率与试验结果吻合较好.      

Navigation sensors and systems in GNSS degraded and denied environments

Position, velocity, and timing(PVT) signals from the Global Positioning System(GPS)are used throughout the world but the availability and reliability of these signals in all environments has become a subject of concern for both civilian and military applications. This presentation summarizes recent advances in navigation sensor technology, including GPS, inertial, and other navigation aids that address these concerns. Also addressed are developments in sensor integration technology with several examples described, including the Bluefin-21 system mechanization.     

吸气式PDE中心锥鳞片阀工作原理与试验研究

为了增强吸气式脉冲爆轰发动机进气阀的防倒流效果、缩短发动机的燃烧转爆轰时间,设计了中心锥鳞片阀(CCSV),并进行了中心锥鳞片阀(CCSV)与中心锥钝体阀(CCBV)的对比试验研究。采用精细雾化喷嘴作为雾化装置,成功实现了10Hz工况下中心锥鳞片阀吸气式脉冲爆轰发动机的协调工作,爆轰波平均峰值压力为1.65MPa,爆轰波速度为1371m/s。研究结果表明:中心锥鳞片阀(CCSV)具有良好的单向阀功能,有效地防止了燃气倒流,缩短了燃烧转爆轰时间。相比于中心锥钝体阀(CCBV),燃烧转爆轰时间下降了19.03%。     

周向畸变下轴流压气机的失速预警方法研究及应用

为了探究进气畸变条件下轴流压气机的有效失速预警方法并将其应用于主动控制系统中,在一台低速单转子轴流压气机上对均匀进气和周向畸变条件下的失速预警方法进行了实验研究。实验通过在进口布置高度可调节的插板来产生不同强度的周向畸变,并通过在转子叶顶布置的动态压力传感器测得非定常压力信号,运用自相关、互相关和均方根算法对其进行分析,比较了周向畸变下三种失速预警方法的可靠性。分析结果表明:只有传感器安装在畸变区时自相关和均方根分析才有效;互相关分析不依赖于传感器的安装位置,在畸变区和非畸变区均能有效感受到畸变的影响,且互相关系数随着周向畸变的产生或消失相应地下降或上升,因此在周向畸变下互相关分析为更有效的失速预警方法;最后在基于互相关分析的基础上对该单转子轴流压气机实施了喷气主动控制应用,在24.75%畸变强度条件下,主动喷气能取得9.32%的失速裕度改善,与定常喷气相比,获得几乎相等的失速裕度改善的同时节省了约40%的喷气量。     

One dimensional blood flow in a planetocentric orbit

All life on earth is accustomed to the presence of gravity. When gravity is altered, biological processes can go awry. It is of great importance to ensure safety during a spaceflight. Long term exposure to microgravity can trigger detrimental physiological responses in the human body. Fluid redistribution coupled with fluid loss is one of the effects. In particular, in microgravity blood volume is shifted towards the thorax and head. Sympathetic nervous system-induced vasoconstriction is needed to maintain arterial pressure, while venoconstriction limits venous pooling of blood prevents further reductions in venous return of blood to the heart. In this paper, we modify an existing one dimensional blood flow model with the inclusion of the hydrostatic pressure gradient that further depends on the gravitational field modified by the oblateness and rotation of the Earth. We find that the velocity of the blood flow V_B is inversely proportional to the blood specific volume d, also proportional to the oblateness harmonic coefficient J₂, the angular velocity of the Earth ω_E, and finally proportional to an arbitrary constant c. For c = −0.39073 and ξ_H = −0.5 mmHg, all orbits result to less blood flow velocities than that calculated on the surface of the Earth. From all considered orbits, elliptical polar orbit of eccentricity e = 0.2 exhibit the largest flow velocity V_B = 1.031 m/s, followed by the orbits of inclination i = 45°and 0°. The Earth’s oblateness and its rotation contribute a 0.7% difference to the blood flow velocity.     

一种负升力超高声速临近空间突击飞行概念

提出一种飞行高度70 km以上的超高速临近空间飞行概念,旨在通过火箭发动机克服大气阻力作用,通过负升力达到"增加"地球引力常数的等效效果,实现高于地球环绕速度的突击飞行,具有速度快、航程远的特点.分析了等高度巡航过程的受力情况,对气动参数选取、能量需求等问题进行了分析,给出了这类飞行器可能运行的空间区域.分析表明,该飞行方式可以实现在40 min内全球到达.     

超声速无隔道进气道应用前景的初步研究

随着飞行速度的不断提高,工程中对飞行器包络约束和减阻减重提出了更高的要求,为满足当前工程应用中的迫切需求,以一有隔道进气道为研究背景,对无隔道进气道于超声速领域的应用前景进行初步探索。主要开展了传统和新型两型无隔道进气道的设计研究工作,通过数值计算的方法得到其气动性能和阻力性能的收益变化(传统无隔道进气道在Ma2.2～Ma3.5下总压恢复系数下降5%～7%,额定及超额定状态下减阻约13%～21%;新型无隔道进气道在Ma2.2～Ma3.0总压恢复系数下降2.8%～6.5%,Ma3.5下提升2%,Ma2.2～Ma3.5飞行器减阻约2%～10%),并对其工作机理及流场结构进行了详细的分析,以此给出了工程应用的合理化建议:(1)传统无隔道进气道应选取低马赫数作为设计点,避免其处于亚额定状态工作,以保证获取较好的阻力性能。(2)新型无隔道进气道适用于Ma3量级的超声速领域,具有良好的气动与阻力性能。     

氢气添加对RP-3航空煤油燃烧特性的影响

为了阐明氢气添加对国产RP-3航空煤油燃烧特性的影响,在定容燃烧反应器中实验测量了初始压力为0.1MPa、初始温度分别为390,420K、当量比范围为0.8～1.5时RP-3航空煤油/氢气混合气的层流燃烧速度与马克斯坦长度,分析了掺氢比对火焰发展结构、层流燃烧速度及马克斯坦长度的影响.结果表明:随着掺氢比的提高,在火焰发展过程中,火焰前锋面逐渐出现裂纹或褶皱,火焰的不稳定性逐渐增强;随着混合气当量比或掺氢比的升高,RP-3航空煤油/氢气混合气的马克斯坦长度逐渐减小;当混合气当量比从0.8升高至1.5时,RP-3航空煤油/氢气混合气的层流燃烧速度呈现先增加后降低的趋势,当量比为1.2时混合气的层流燃烧速度达到最大;同时,随着初始温度或掺氢比的升高,RP-3航空煤油/氢气混合气的层流燃烧速度逐渐升高。      

Self-sustained oscillation for compressible cylindrical cavity flows

The presence of a cavity changes the mean and fluctuating pressure distributions. Similarities are observed between a cylindrical cavity and a rectangular cavity for a compressible flow.The type of cavity flow field depends on the diameter-to-depth ratio and the length-to-depth ratio.The feedback loop is responsible for the generation of discrete acoustic tones. In this study, the selfsustained oscillation for a compressible cylindrical cavity flow was investigated experimentally. For open-type cavities, the power spectra show that the strength of resonance depends on the diameterto-depth ratio(4.43–43.0) and the incoming boundary layer thickness-to-depth ratio(0.72–7.0). The effective streamwise length is used as the characteristic length to estimate the Strouhal number. At higher modes, there is a large deviation from Rossiter's formula for rectangular cavities. The gradient-based searching method was used to evaluate the values of the empirical parameters. Less phase lag and a lower convection velocity are observed.