某型涡扇发动机花键管瓦季姆报警故障研究

通过对某型涡扇发动机进气帽罩瓦季姆报警故障的统计和分析,系统研究了导致报警的机理和原因,并针对花键管部位的报警故障采取了有效的解决措施,措施的有效性已在该型发动机上得到了充分验证。     

Effect of blade sweep on inlet flow in axial compressor cascades

This paper presents comparative numerical studies to investigate the effects of blade sweep on inlet flow in axial compressor cascades. A series of swept and straight cascades was modeled in order to obtain a general understanding of the inlet flow field that is induced by sweep.A computational fluid dynamics(CFD) package was used to simulate the cascades and obtain the required three-dimensional(3D) flow parameters. A circumferentially averaged method was introduced which provided the circumferential fluctuation(CF) terms in the momentum equation.A program for data reduction was conducted to obtain a circumferentially averaged flow field.The influences of the inlet flow fields of the cascades were studied and spanwise distributions of each term in the momentum equation were analyzed. The results indicate that blade sweep does affect inlet radial equilibrium. The characteristic of radial fluid transfer is changed and thus influencing the axial velocity distributions. The inlet flow field varies mainly due to the combined effect of the radial pressure gradient and the CF component. The axial velocity varies consistently with the incidence variation induced by the sweep, as observed in the previous literature. In addition, factors that might influence the radial equilibrium such as blade camber angles, solidity and the effect of the distance from the leading edge are also taken into consideration and comparatively analyzed.     

临近空间高速飞行器抛罩过程的动网格方法对比

飞行器抛罩是一个复杂的动力学、流体力学耦合问题,涉及六自由度运动方程与N-S方程的耦合求解,其中动网格非定常计算是关键技术。针对二维临近空间高速飞行器,将耦合过程简化为匀速旋转抛罩,对比分析了光顺重构法、重叠网格法、域动分层法三种工程易行的动网格方法的仿真结果,并得到如下结论:三种方法在整流罩关闭状态下的定常流场结果一致,均能捕捉到非定常开罩过程的典型特征,得到正确的起动结果;在非定常过程中光顺重构法的分离区吞入速度慢于重叠网格法和域动分层法;重叠网格法的计算通用性最好,域动分层法的计算速度最快,光顺重构法的理论精度最高;由于光顺重构法的网格更新对于复杂模型容易失败,域动分层法只能处理运动轨迹已知的问题,三维动力学耦合计算建议采用重叠网格法;在进行整流罩的三维设计时,应考虑溢流效应以缩小整流罩前方的大分离区,降低飞行器的控制及热防护上的困难。     

不同燃料燃烧加热对超燃冲压发动机性能影响的分析与评估

为了评估不同燃料燃烧加热的空气污染对超燃冲压发动机性能的影响,重点研究了相同流动匹配条件下四种不同燃料燃烧加热的超燃冲压发动机性能(氢、甲烷、酒精和煤油)。对相同流动匹配条件下,地面模拟飞行Ma=6,高度25km的超燃冲压发动机流道性能采用数值模拟进行了评估,并将之与飞行条件下的发动机性能进行了对比分析。结果表明,不同加热方式对进气道升力和升阻比有显著影响(升力最大差异>8%,升阻比最大差异>6%),对超燃冲压发动机性能也有显著影响,比推最大差异97N·s/kg,燃烧效率最大差异11%。      

基于面元法的分布式涵道推进系统进气道优化设计

分布式涵道推进系统被认为是一种高效率的动力布局形式,其中进气道如何使气流低损失地快速过渡到数个圆形截面的涵道风扇进口是一个亟需探索的设计问题。以分布式涵道推进系统进气道过渡段为研究对象,基于面元计算方法,发展了一种进气道内流动的快速数值预测手段。应用所发展面元法数值方法结合进气道的超椭圆参数化方法、自适应优化算法建立了分布式涵道推进系统进气道的无经验优化设计方法。以某型悬停状态的分布式涵道推进垂直起降飞行器为例,使用该设计方法实现了从无圆滑过渡的简单初始几何到气动指标符合优化预期的光顺几何的优化设计。基于RANS的三维数值分析表明：所优化设计的进气道相比于初始几何总压畸变系数(DC)从0.0086降低到0.0067,低于基于经验设计的参考几何（DC=0.0073）,且流场无明显分离及旋涡,确认了这种具有高时间效率的无经验设计方法的有效性。     

Response and stabilization of a two-stage axial flow compressor restricted by rotating inlet distortion

This paper considers effects of Rotating Inlet Distortion (RID) on a two-stage axial compressor and the stabilization effects of a casing treatment subjected to the considered RID. In multi-spool engines, the downstream compressor suffers a RID when the upstream fan/compressor is in rotating stall. A controlled rotating sectional screen upstream of the compressor was adopted to generate the RID in different intensities, and co- or counter spinning direction compared with the rotor. The response of the compressor to inlet distortion was interpreted as the changes of stall margin. Results show that there are two peaks for the stall margin degradation where the distortion screen rotates near 20% and 70% of the rotor’s rotational frequency, respectively. Based on the measurements taken during the pre-stall process, it is suggested that the two frequencies are associated with the eigen frequencies of the compressor. Specifically, the first is associated with a stall precursor that is suspected as an initial disturbance existing in compressor and the second is related to a spike-type stall precursor. At last, a kind of Stall Precursor-Suppressed (SPS) casing treatment was applied to enhance the compressor stability in RID conditions. The result indicates that the stall margin is improved by 6% at an average level and there is nearly no efficiency loss caused by the application of such casing treatment.     

对接机构综合试验台温度环境模拟分系统温场优化

为改善某新型对接机构综合试验台温度环境模拟分试验系统的温度和压力均匀性,基于温场特性分析,用三维标准κ-ε模型对系统送风散流装置结构模型进行改进。发现散流装置的送风方式和结构对温度与压力均匀性影响较大。用仿真对散流器进行优化以改善流场,通过增设静压室和布风散流装置,在送风温度不变时可将温场温度均匀度控制在1 K内,压力梯度下降至改进前的0.5%,且改进后的送风结构能较好地满足温场体积变化后的试验要求。     

高超侧压式进气道简单唇口调节方案设计

为最大限度提高侧压式进气道流量系数,在定几何进气道基础上设计了一种唇口可调节的简单变几何方案。唇口设计成前伸的后掠三角形以完全挡住第二溢流窗同时排移侧板分离涡。利用Fluent软件研究了变几何进气道马赫6,马赫4下的气动性能,并与定几何直唇口进气道进行了比较。研究发现,简单的唇口调节措施能在显著改善进气道各项总体性能参数的同时获得更高的流量系数:马赫6设计状态下,可调进气道流量系数达0.93;马赫4非设计状态下,流量系数为0.71,能实现自起动。马赫5.3风洞试验结果表明,高马赫数来流条件下,可调进气道三角形尖唇口对改善下游隔离段内的流动结构具有明显效果。     

冲压发动机进气道/燃烧室/尾喷管耦合流场计算

采用耦合求解的方法进行了冲压发动机进气道/燃烧室/尾喷管流场一体化计算,进气道采用单一气体、变比热比模型,燃烧室和尾喷管采用多组分化学动力学模型,湍流模型为k-g湍流模型。进气道与燃烧室界面通过流量、静压等参数实现耦合。结果表明,通过合理设计参数的传递方式,可以快速实现进气道/燃烧室/尾喷管流场的耦合求解,流场分布合理。     

透平进气阀箱的数值模拟

用数值方法模拟了透平进气阀箱的内部流动。为了改善计算的收敛性和提高计算精度,程序采用了ＳＩＭＰＬＥＳＴ迭代求解方法,并引入ｋ－ε湍流模型、壁面函数法和空度的概念进行了数值计算。计算结果表明,本文的方法能够较好的模拟进气阀箱内部复杂的流动,并与已有的一些实验结果吻合良好。