Effect of blade sweep on inlet flow in axial compressor cascades

This paper presents comparative numerical studies to investigate the effects of blade sweep on inlet flow in axial compressor cascades. A series of swept and straight cascades was modeled in order to obtain a general understanding of the inlet flow field that is induced by sweep.A computational fluid dynamics(CFD) package was used to simulate the cascades and obtain the required three-dimensional(3D) flow parameters. A circumferentially averaged method was introduced which provided the circumferential fluctuation(CF) terms in the momentum equation.A program for data reduction was conducted to obtain a circumferentially averaged flow field.The influences of the inlet flow fields of the cascades were studied and spanwise distributions of each term in the momentum equation were analyzed. The results indicate that blade sweep does affect inlet radial equilibrium. The characteristic of radial fluid transfer is changed and thus influencing the axial velocity distributions. The inlet flow field varies mainly due to the combined effect of the radial pressure gradient and the CF component. The axial velocity varies consistently with the incidence variation induced by the sweep, as observed in the previous literature. In addition, factors that might influence the radial equilibrium such as blade camber angles, solidity and the effect of the distance from the leading edge are also taken into consideration and comparatively analyzed.     

临近空间高速飞行器抛罩过程的动网格方法对比

飞行器抛罩是一个复杂的动力学、流体力学耦合问题,涉及六自由度运动方程与N-S方程的耦合求解,其中动网格非定常计算是关键技术。针对二维临近空间高速飞行器,将耦合过程简化为匀速旋转抛罩,对比分析了光顺重构法、重叠网格法、域动分层法三种工程易行的动网格方法的仿真结果,并得到如下结论:三种方法在整流罩关闭状态下的定常流场结果一致,均能捕捉到非定常开罩过程的典型特征,得到正确的起动结果;在非定常过程中光顺重构法的分离区吞入速度慢于重叠网格法和域动分层法;重叠网格法的计算通用性最好,域动分层法的计算速度最快,光顺重构法的理论精度最高;由于光顺重构法的网格更新对于复杂模型容易失败,域动分层法只能处理运动轨迹已知的问题,三维动力学耦合计算建议采用重叠网格法;在进行整流罩的三维设计时,应考虑溢流效应以缩小整流罩前方的大分离区,降低飞行器的控制及热防护上的困难。     

不同燃料燃烧加热对超燃冲压发动机性能影响的分析与评估

为了评估不同燃料燃烧加热的空气污染对超燃冲压发动机性能的影响,重点研究了相同流动匹配条件下四种不同燃料燃烧加热的超燃冲压发动机性能(氢、甲烷、酒精和煤油)。对相同流动匹配条件下,地面模拟飞行Ma=6,高度25km的超燃冲压发动机流道性能采用数值模拟进行了评估,并将之与飞行条件下的发动机性能进行了对比分析。结果表明,不同加热方式对进气道升力和升阻比有显著影响(升力最大差异>8%,升阻比最大差异>6%),对超燃冲压发动机性能也有显著影响,比推最大差异97N·s/kg,燃烧效率最大差异11%。      

一种长寿命磁滞陀螺电机润滑系统的改进设计

磁滞陀螺电机是惯性姿态敏感器中陀螺的核心部件,磁滞陀螺电机实现长寿命是惯性姿态敏感器长寿命的关键.针对目前陀螺电机轴承的主要失效模式,通过改进润滑系统设计延长了磁滞陀螺电机寿命,并经过寿命试验验证了平均无故障时间大于30000小时.     

航空发动机燃烧室声载荷自激励门限自回归仿真模型

采用自激励门限自回归分析方法,利用航空发动机环形燃烧室测试数据,得到燃烧室噪声声压时间信号自激励门限自回归仿真模型SETAR（2;1;15,14）,并与控后非门限的自回归滑动平均模型ARMA（6,5）进行了比较,仿真结果表明,误差方差明显降低。     

考虑界面微观滑移的连接非线性系统多尺度分析

振动环境下,连接界面上存在着复杂的多尺度粘滑摩擦行为,进而造成含连接系统复杂的非线性振动现象。本文针对机械结构中的搭接连接系统,采用改进的Iwan迟滞非线性模型建模连接界面的多尺度粘滑行为,建立了连接系统的非线性运动方程,利用多尺度摄动分析方法研究了系统在初始条件下的自由振动,获得了系统响应的近似解析解并与直接数值积分解进行了对比;研究了粘性阻尼系数、刚度比等参数对系统动力学响应的影响。结果表明,Iwan迟滞非线性模型能够复现界面多尺度的微观粘滑行为;多尺度近似解析解和数值解吻合很好;连接系统的自由振动过程中,系统相轨迹以螺线收敛,但平衡位置可能发生偏移;界面切向刚度表现出随振幅增大而减小的软化非线性特点,系统瞬时固有频率随振幅减小而增大;振动过程中连接界面单位周期的能量耗散随振动幅值的减小而减小。研究结果为进一步探索含连接复杂装配结构的非线性动力学行为提供了基础。     

基于面元法的分布式涵道推进系统进气道优化设计

分布式涵道推进系统被认为是一种高效率的动力布局形式,其中进气道如何使气流低损失地快速过渡到数个圆形截面的涵道风扇进口是一个亟需探索的设计问题。以分布式涵道推进系统进气道过渡段为研究对象,基于面元计算方法,发展了一种进气道内流动的快速数值预测手段。应用所发展面元法数值方法结合进气道的超椭圆参数化方法、自适应优化算法建立了分布式涵道推进系统进气道的无经验优化设计方法。以某型悬停状态的分布式涵道推进垂直起降飞行器为例,使用该设计方法实现了从无圆滑过渡的简单初始几何到气动指标符合优化预期的光顺几何的优化设计。基于RANS的三维数值分析表明：所优化设计的进气道相比于初始几何总压畸变系数(DC)从0.0086降低到0.0067,低于基于经验设计的参考几何（DC=0.0073）,且流场无明显分离及旋涡,确认了这种具有高时间效率的无经验设计方法的有效性。     

模型切换MRAS技术在感应电机速度辨识中的应用研究

通过分析现有基于模型参考自适应系统(MRAS)估算电机转速的原理和不足,提出一种基于滞环切换的MRAS方案辨识电机转速。理论和试验结果表明该方案具有良好的静、动态性能和较好的鲁棒性。     

考虑磁滞效应的电抗器二维电磁场计算

将JA模型与电磁场数值分析方法相结合,在考虑铁心的磁滞效应的情况下,推导出电磁场的有限元计算模型。分别采用基本磁化曲线和磁滞回线两种不同的方法对电抗器的电磁场进行仿真计算。研究结果表明磁滞现象对电抗器电磁场的计算影响较大,因此考虑磁滞效应的电磁场数值计算模型,为进一步研究电抗器的发热问题奠定了理论基础。     

Response and stabilization of a two-stage axial flow compressor restricted by rotating inlet distortion

This paper considers effects of Rotating Inlet Distortion (RID) on a two-stage axial compressor and the stabilization effects of a casing treatment subjected to the considered RID. In multi-spool engines, the downstream compressor suffers a RID when the upstream fan/compressor is in rotating stall. A controlled rotating sectional screen upstream of the compressor was adopted to generate the RID in different intensities, and co- or counter spinning direction compared with the rotor. The response of the compressor to inlet distortion was interpreted as the changes of stall margin. Results show that there are two peaks for the stall margin degradation where the distortion screen rotates near 20% and 70% of the rotor’s rotational frequency, respectively. Based on the measurements taken during the pre-stall process, it is suggested that the two frequencies are associated with the eigen frequencies of the compressor. Specifically, the first is associated with a stall precursor that is suspected as an initial disturbance existing in compressor and the second is related to a spike-type stall precursor. At last, a kind of Stall Precursor-Suppressed (SPS) casing treatment was applied to enhance the compressor stability in RID conditions. The result indicates that the stall margin is improved by 6% at an average level and there is nearly no efficiency loss caused by the application of such casing treatment.