A combination method using evolutionary algorithms in initial orbit determination for too short arc

With the combination of two evolutionary algorithms EDA and DE, a new method of initial orbit determination for satellites based on ground-based too-short-arc is established. Compared with other algorithms, the proposed method focuses on the most densely populated region in the solution space rather than the individual with best fitness value. Both the global information and local information are well fused in the search of optimum. In the method $(a,e,M)$ are treated as variables of the optimization, and the optimization procedure is carried out as a two-stage hierarchical optimization problem which has three variables for each stage. Kernel density estimation is applied to build the probability distribution model without any assumptions of the specified distribution, accompanied by handling semi-major axis and eccentricity as a pair of dependent variables in the construction of the probability for the correlation between them in the practice. Numerical experiments with real ground-based observations show that the proposed method is applicable to too-short-arc with even 3?s, and the result of bias in several kilometers can be achieved with $5^{″}$ error added to angular measurements.     

关于初轨计算

初轨计算通常是指在二体问题意义下的短弧定轨,为了适应测量精度的提高和深空探测(包括月球探测)轨道器所涉及力学模型的需要,给出一种在测角资料背景下,同时适用于无摄和受摄运动的初轨计算方法。而且,该方法不仅适用于椭圆轨道,亦适用于双曲线轨道,拓宽初轨计算的传统范畴。     

基于单周多基线定位平台的空中对准技术研究

针对传统的双差分载波相位实时定位平台精度低的特点,本文设计了一种新型的基于单周期多基线组合的实时定位平台。该平台采用单周期整周模糊度算法进行模糊度解算,有效避免了周跳和初始化问题,并组合多基线测量观测值,有效地减少了单基线长度增加带来的影响,通过对平台进行建模仿真,表明其与传统平台相比具有更好的稳定性和精度。最后,本文将GPS多基线测姿算法引入,将该平台应用到空中对准技术中,进行对准仿真,取得了更高的速度和精度。     

一种更精确的带有杆臂补偿的速度加姿态匹配传递对准模型

针对捷联惯导系统的传递对准问题,提出了一种更精确的带有杆臂补偿和速度差乘积项的速度加姿态匹配的传递对准模型。对准模型中增加杆臂补偿项提高了系统的稳态精度;增加速度差乘积项改善了系统的动态响应,加快了滤波器收敛速度。采用“摇摆机动”的飞行轨迹,对传递对准滤波器进行了仿真;仿真结果证明了传递对准模型的有效性。     

舰载机惯导系统快速传递对准方法建模与仿真

为解决舰载机惯导系统在大方位失准角条件下的快速传递对准问题,提出了一种新的线性化方法.通过舰船坐标系与舰载机标称坐标系之间的方向余弦矩阵,将舰船坐标系与舰载机实际坐标系之间的大方位失准角问题,转化为舰载机标称坐标系与舰载机实际坐标系之间的小方位失准角问题,建立了舰载机传递对准的线性化数学模型,采用"速度+姿态"匹配法对传递对准滤波器进行仿真.结果表明在20 s时间以内曲线即收敛,使得水平失准角误差和方位失准角误差在1以内,满足了对准速度和精度的要求,克服了传统方法对准时间较长的缺点.     

Fast alignment and calibration algorithms for inertial navigation system

Algorithms for fast estimating the azimuth misalignment angle and calibrating gyro drift rates are approached from the point of view of control theory. By introducing the Lyapunov transformation, the equivalence of Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS) and Gimbaled Inertial Navigation System (GINS) is discussed, and it shows that the analysis results of GINS can be applied to SINS directly by using such kind of equivalence. A similar transformation that based on physical essence is introduced, so that the true states can be replaced by the so-called pseudo-states, and then the observable states of INS can be dynamically decoupled with the unobservable states. Consequently, the best completely observable subsystem model of INS can be obtained. Based on the simplified subsystem model of INS, the algorithms for fast estimating the azimuth misalignment angle and calibrating gyro drift rates are proposed. The proposed algorithms show that the azimuth misalignment angle and gyro drift rates can be estimated from the rates of leveling misalignment angles without using the gyro output signals.     

舰载武器捷联惯导速度匹配传递对准技术研究

速度匹配传递对准受船体变形影响小,对准精度高,是舰载武器常用的传递对准方法之一。模拟实船情况,对速度匹配传递对准性能进行了深入仿真研究。研究结果表明：（1）速度匹配传递对准不易受船体变形影响。（2）舰船航向机动有助于提高速度匹配传递对准性能。舰船在匀速直航状态下,水平姿态角对准精度能达到0.4＇,方位姿态角对准精度2′左右。等效北向陀螺漂移的估计精度能达到80%,等效东向陀螺漂移和加速度计零偏无法估计。舰船在转弯状态下武器惯导各误差量估计精度和估计速度都有所提高,等效东向陀螺漂移和加速度计零偏能够估计出来,估计精度达90%以上。（3）基准信息阶跃变化会干扰速度匹配传递对准性能,引起姿态角估计误差。     

两种初始对准算法的比较研究

初始对准的精度作为影响惯性导航系统精度的核心因素,一直受到广泛的研究。传统初始对准算法存在对扰动敏感、对准时间长、需要小失准角假设等诸多缺陷。针对传统算法的不足,有学者最近提出了一些思路新颖的初始对准算法,如优化对准算法和基于频域分离算子的初始对准算法。本文对比研究了这两种初始对准算法的基本原理,通过摇摆台实测数据对两种算法进行了验证,对工程应用具有一定的参考价值。     

太空环境飞行器交会对接设备精测工艺方法研究

交会对接设备是实现飞行器交会对接的重要部件。它的安装精度直接影响交会对接任务的成败。为了研究太空环境下飞行器舱体压差对交会对接设备安装姿态的影响,文章根据太空环境飞行器所受压差情况,设计了地面仿太空环境试验,对某型号飞行器的交会对接设备及舱体基准进行了姿态测量,分析了由于舱体内外压差的影响而造成的设备姿态变化,并根据试验结果分析研究出一种新的地面总装精测工艺方案。     

卡尔曼滤波初始条件对捷联惯导对准的影响

针对捷联惯导对准卡尔曼滤波器初始条件无法很准确给定的情况,研究了卡尔曼滤波器初始条件对捷联惯导对准精度的影响。分析了错误先验假设条件下卡尔曼滤波算法的误差,推导了滤波器计算均方误差与实际均方误差的关系。对于一般多元回归系数估计问题,比较了卡尔曼滤波算法与最小二乘算法,给出了当先验假设不准确时卡尔曼滤波算法优于最小二乘算法的一个充分条件。对捷联惯导静基座对准问题进行了仿真,仿真结果表明:合理选择初始均方误差矩阵能大大改善卡尔曼滤波启动阶段性能。初始均方误差矩阵选择为真实初始均方误差矩阵的一个较小上界是合理的。