具有针肋的狭窄空间冲击冷却实验和数值计算

对具有全高度针肋扰流的狭窄空间冲击冷却进行了实验和数值计算,并与平板靶板冲击冷却传热性能进行了对比分析.射流冲击雷诺数范围为15000~30000.实验采用瞬态液晶热像技术获得了冲击靶板上详细的传热分布,并通过数值计算获得了冲击冷却系统中的流场和传热特征.实验研究表明:狭窄空间冲击冷却中的针肋靶板端壁上的平均传热性能比平板靶板提高约7.0%,压力损失提高约17.9%,并且针肋改善了靶板端壁上传热均匀性.另一方面,数值计算分析表明近壁面射流以及空间中的上洗涡流与针肋表面发生强烈相互作用,并且针肋显著地增加了换热面积,因此具有针肋扰流的冲击冷却系统具有显著增强的总体传热性能,比平板冲击冷却提高约27.0%.      

低发射率涂层材料研究

测试了多种黏合剂和粉体及以聚氨酯树脂为黏合剂制成的涂膜在8～14 μm波段的发射率.结果表明,Karton树脂红外透明性好,具有较低的红外发射率;铝粉制成涂膜后发射率较低,且涂膜的发射率与铝粉的加入量、粒径等有关;掺锡氧化铟(ITO)薄膜具有很低的发射率,其发射率与ITO膜的厚度、含氧量等有关.     

Numerical study on similarity of plume infrared radiation between reduced-scale solid rocket motors

This study seeks to determine the similarities in plume radiation between reduced and full-scale solid rocket models in ground test conditions through investigation of flow and radiation for a series of scale ratios ranging from 0.1 to 1. The radiative transfer equation(RTE) considering gas and particle radiation in a non-uniform plume has been adopted and solved by the finite volume method(FVM) to compute the three dimensional, spectral and directional radiation of a plume in the infrared waveband 2–6 μm. Conditions at wavelengths 2.7 μm and 4.3 μm are discussed in detail, and ratios of plume radiation for reduced-scale through full-scale models are examined. This work shows that, with increasing scale ratio of a computed rocket motor, area of the hightemperature core increases as a 2 power function of the scale ratio, and the radiation intensity of the plume increases with 2–2.5 power of the scale ratio. The infrared radiation of plume gases shows a strong spectral dependency, while that of Al_2O_3 particles shows spectral continuity of gray media.Spectral radiation intensity of a computed solid rocket plume's high temperature core increases significantly in peak radiation spectra of plume gases CO and CO_2. Al_2O_3 particles are the major radiation component in a rocket plume. There is good similarity between contours of plume spectral radiance from different scale models of computed rockets, and there are two peak spectra of radiation intensity at wavebands 2.7–3.0 μm and 4.2–4.6 μm. Directed radiation intensity of the entire plume volume will rise with increasing elevation angle.     

IR radiation characteristics of rocket exhaust plumes under varying motor operating conditions

The infrared(IR) irradiance signature from rocket motor exhaust plumes is closely related to motor type,propellant composition,burn time,rocket geometry,chamber parameters and flight conditions.In this paper,an infrared signature analysis tool(IRSAT) was developed to understand the spectral characteristics of exhaust plumes in detail.Through a finite volume technique,flow field properties were obtained through the solution of axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations with the Reynolds-averaged approach.A refined 13-species,30-reaction chemistry scheme was used for combustion effects and a k-e-Rtturbulence model for entrainment effects.Using flowfield properties as input data,the spectrum was integrated with a line of sight(LOS) method based on a single line group(SLG) model with Curtis-Godson approximation.The model correctly predicted spectral distribution in the wavelengths of 1.50–5.50 lm and had good agreement for its location with imaging spectrometer data.The IRSAT was then applied to discuss the effects of three operating conditions on IR signatures:(a) afterburning;(b) chamber pressure from ignition to cutoff;and(c) minor changes in the ratio of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) binder to ammonium perchlorate(AP) oxidizer in propellant.Results show that afterburning effects can increase the size and shape of radiance images with enhancement of radiation intensity up to 40%.Also,the total IR irradiance in different bands can be characterized by a non-dimensional chamber pressure trace in which the maximum discrepancy is less than 13% during ignition and engine cutoff.An increase of chamber pressure can lead to more distinct diamonds,whose distance intervals are extended,and the position of the first diamond moving backwards.In addition,an increase in HTPB/AP causes a significant jump in spectral intensity.The incremental rates of radiance intensity integrated in each band are linear with the increase of HTPB,and the growth rates of radiance intensities in some bands reach up to 50% as HTPB weight increases by 3%.     

真空低温环境红外亮温标准装置设计

对遥感技术现状及面临的问题进行了介绍,明确了建立真空低温环境红外亮温计量标准装置的意义,对国内外研究现状进行了梳理,对研究的标准装置的技术路线和设计方案进行了详细叙述。     

改进PCA在热波图像处理中的应用

针对飞机结构隐藏腐蚀热波成像检测中出现的热像仪中有用数据较少、图像序列中腐蚀区域与非腐蚀区域对比不明显、信噪比较低等问题,提出了基于小波变换的改进PCA(Principal Component Analysis)算法.该算法对热图像序列中的每帧图像进行二进制离散小波变换,提取出低频部分的系数;对低频系数进行改进PCA分析,通过固定点算法并引入Gram-Schmidt正交化过程求解特征向量;令高频系数为零,抑制图像的噪声.实验结果表明:该算法充分利用了热像仪的有用数据,提高了图像的质量和信噪比,且计算时间较短.      

物体表面形状对热象仪测温的影响

本文报道利用红外热象仪 AGA780系统测量金属铝、铜和非金属石膏的平板及圆柱表面温度的准确度实验研究的结果。给出了表面形状不影响温度测量的“自由极角”范围,并且对影响测量准确性的其他因素也进行了讨论。     

中段弹道目标的温度场与红外辐射特性计算

红外辐射特性是预警系统探测识别弹道中段目标的重要特征之一。通过计算飞行时目标与太阳、地球的相对位置,确定目标的受外辐射照射状态。利用有限容积法计算锥形目标的三维温度场,采用双向反射分布函数（BRDF）计算目标表面对太阳、地球辐射的反射特性,并结合自身红外辐射,得到了不同类型中段目标红外辐射特性变化情况和空间分布情况。最后,分析了外部辐射环境和目标材料特性对目标红外辐射特性的影响,为中段预警探测提供了参考。     

高氯酸铵与HMX和RDX的相互作用

用热重－微商热重分析（ＴＧ－ＤＴＧ）、高压差示扫描量热仪ＰＤＳＣ和差热分析－热重分析－傅立叶红外联用技术（ＤＴＡ－ＴＧＡ－ＦＴＩＲ）,研究了高氯酸铵（ＡＰ）与ＨＭＸ和ＲＤＸ的互相作用。热分析和分解气体原位实时红外跟踪分析的结果表明,ＡＰ与ＨＭＸ和ＲＤＸ之间存在着强烈的作用。提高压力使ＡＰ对ＨＭＸ的加速分解作用减弱,而地ＡＰ分解作用增强。从它们的分解机理解释了这些结果。     

脉冲红外相位线性调频Z变换

为了解决脉冲相位法(PPT,Pulse Phase Thermography)在处理红外检测数据时频率分辨率不够的问题,提出了一种新型的频域变换方法.利用快速傅里叶变换(FFT,Fast Fourier Transform)选择出包含特征频率的窄频带,对其进行线性调频Z变换(CZT,Chirp Z Transform),得到细化的频率结构.并将逐点像素分析后的结果重构出清晰的幅值和相位图像序列.在不增加采样时间的前提下获得了比PPT更高的频率分辨率.通过对铝制材料试件检测信号的对比分析,结果表明该算法可以对选频带进行有效细化,得到更精确的特征频率,有效降低了频谱泄露造成的误差.