一种基于改进Kalman滤波的 视觉/惯性组合导航算法

提出了一种基于改进Kalman滤波的视觉/惯性直接组合导航算法,首先分析了相关坐标系的定义和敏感器的误差模型,然后分别构建了姿态滤波方程和位置滤波方程,接着对滤波方程进行离散化处理以便在计算机中实现运算,最后采用该方法进行了仿真验证,结果表明系统在不同情况下进行组合导航都能够满足任务要求。     

一种测试星敏感器空间指向的方法

星敏感器作为高精度姿态测量单机,为高精度姿态控制提供前提保障。确保星敏感器空间指向正确性对姿控系统至关重要。基于此提出了一种在外场观星试验中,通过测试星敏感器地方时惯性指向来确认空间指向的方法,该方法结合格林尼治恒星时概念,通过地心赤道惯性坐标系与当地地理系之间的转换关系进行算法设计,是验证选用的星敏感器空间指向正确与否的重要手段。     

Gravity modeling in aerospace applications

The science of inertial navigation has evolved to the point that the traditional gravity model is a principal error source in advanced, precise systems. Specifically, the unmodeled vertical deflections of the earth's gravitational field are a major contributor to CEP (circular error probable) divergence in precise terrestrial inertial navigation systems (INS). Over the years, several studies have been undertaken to the development of advanced techniques for accurate, real-time compensation of gravity disturbance vectors. More complex on-board gravity models which compute vertical deflection components will reduce the CEP divergence rate, but imperfect modeling due to on-board processing limitations will still cause residual vertical deflection errors. In order to eliminate or reduce gravity-induced errors in the INS requires measurement of gravity disturbance values and in-flight compensation to the inertial navigator. It is assumed in this paper that gravity disturbance values have been measured prior to the airborne mission and various techniques for compensation are to be considered. As part of a screening process in this study, several gravity compensation techniques (both deterministic and stochastic models) were investigated. The screening process involved identification of gravity models and algorithms, and developments of selection criteria for subsequent screening of the candidates.     

极区航海用惯性导航系统综述

目前,航海用惯性导航系统普遍采用常规的当地水平固定指北机械编排,不适合极区工作,为了满足航海导航的需要,研究了极区惯性导航技术。给出了常规机械编排在极区导航中面临的主要问题,阐述了国内外极区惯性导航系统的发展与现状,分别介绍了自由方位、游移方位、格网及横坐标惯性导航系统的机械编排,并分析了它们存在的问题,最后简要给出了未来极区导航技术研究的发展方向。     

惯性敏感器与星敏感器之间在轨自主标定比较研究

惯性敏感器与星敏感器组合定姿是航天器高精度姿态确定的常用手段。通常将惯性敏感器的常值漂移作为扩展状态进行标定,而将星敏感器的常值偏差作为扩展状态进行估计也是可能的。本文对这两种方法的定姿精度进行了分析比较,给出了选用的准则。     

高动态下惯性加速度辅助三阶锁相环性能分析

针对高阶跟踪环路稳定性比低阶环路差,大带宽带来测量误差大的问题。研究在高动态环境下,惯导加速度信息辅助卫星接收机三阶载波锁相环跟踪算法,以及不同环路参数下跟踪环路的性能。对载体高动态场景、加速度信息延迟进行建模,并对算法进行了数学仿真。仿真分析结果表明,在加速度信息辅助下,即使压缩载波跟踪环路等效噪声带宽到3Hz,在高达1200g/s的加速度动态下,环路跟踪同样稳定可靠。     

Comparison of strapdown inertial navigation algorithm based on rotation vector and dual quaternion

 For the navigation algorithm of the strapdown inertial navigation system, by comparing to the equations of the dual quaternion and quaternion, the superiority of the attitude algorithm based on dual quaternion over the ones based on rotation vector in accuracy is analyzed in the case of the rotation of navigation frame. By comparing the update algorithm of the gravitational velocity in dual quaternion solution with the compensation algorithm of the harmful acceleration in traditional velocity solution, the accuracy advantage of the gravitational velocity based on dual quaternion is addressed. In view of the idea of the attitude and velocity algorithm based on dual quaternion, an improved navigation algorithm is proposed, which is as much as the rotation vector algorithm in computational complexity. According to this method, the attitude quaternion does not require compensating as the navigation frame rotates. In order to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis, simulations are carried out utilizing the software, and the simulation results show that the accuracy of the improved algorithm is approximately equal to the dual quaternion algorithm.     

空间机器人抓取未知目标的质量特性参数辨识

根据动量守恒定理,研究了单臂自由飘浮空间机器人抓取未知目标的质量特性参数辨识问题。已有文献中基于动量守恒原理进行的参数辨识只适用于系统线动量和角动量为零的情况,当两者不为零时无法得到正确的辨识结果。为解决此问题,本文首先在惯性系而非本体系下推导得到了机械臂抓取未知目标后的系统线动量和角动量,保证了其各分量的守恒特性。然后基于此特性,通过在轨测量两个时刻机器人本体的线速度、角速度以及机械臂各关节的角速度和转角信息,建立了含有未知目标质量特性参数的动量增量方程。最后根据三组测量信息,从联立的动量增量方程组中求解得到未知目标的质量特性参数。数值仿真表明,此方法在系统线动量和角动量为零和不为零两种情况下都能实现高精度的参数辨识,同时还避免了方程求解的奇异问题。     

基于惯性系的双轴旋转式惯导系统转位方法

针对双轴旋转式惯导系统中不能自动补偿标度因数误差与地球自转耦合误差的问题,提出了一种改进的转位方法。该方法不增加转轴数目,通过补偿地球自转在转轴平面的投影抑制耦合误差项,计算结果表明该方法适用于激光陀螺惯导系统和光纤陀螺惯导系统。利用改进的转位方法对双轴旋转式惯导系统进行仿真,仿真结果验证了该方法的可行性。研究结果为双轴旋转式惯导系统的工程设计和改进提供了一定的理论支持。     

高度辅助的INS／SAR组合导航系统研究

对基于SAR图像匹配定位的地形辅助惯性导航系统的原理进行了充分阐述；同时针对SAR图像匹配定位高度通道不可观的特点，增加了高度输出为系统的观测量，从而构成了高度辅助的INS／SAR组合导航系统，并给出了系统实现原理图。依据对SAR图像匹配定位和气压高度表输出的分析，建立了组合导航系统的量测方程，在此基础上设计了线性卡尔曼滤波器，并完成了组合导航系统仿真。仿真结果表明，组合导航系统的定位精度可大大提高，该组合导航系统设计方案是成功可行的。