基于霍耳效应的气敏传感器的研制

利用霍耳效应成功地研制了WO3半导体气敏传感器.这种新型传感器不仅可以根据需要输出几毫伏至几十毫伏甚至几百毫伏的直流电压,而且具有其它半导体传感器所没有的优点--无需另外加热.在实验中对NO2气体进行检测,结果表明:传感器的输出霍耳电动势在几毫伏到几百毫伏之间,且随待测气体浓度变化而变化.因此,利用霍耳效应制作气敏传感器是一条完全可行的新思路.     

粉末溅射平面薄膜型SnO2/CeO2酒敏元件性能测试

给出了SnO2/10?O2(0.4mm×0.6mm×0.4mm)元件的温耗特性曲线,研究了老化的温度和时间,研究了气敏电流Ig与气体浓度C的关系,并给出了一个普遍适用的规律.     

气体传感器的研究及发展方向

介绍了气体传感器的特性；根据气体传感器使用的气敏材料以及气敏材料与气体相互作用的效应不同，对气体传感器进行了分类；介绍了目前气敏元件的加工技术；论述了气体传感器的发展方向。     

Ptolemy – an Instrument to Measure Stable Isotopic Ratios of Key Volatiles on a Cometary Nucleus

A fundamental goal of cometary studies is to determine the exact relationship between these bodies and the Solar System – the question(s) can be summarised as follows: did comets originate during the same events that spawned the Sun and planets, are they more primitive bodies that record a pre-solar history, or are they interstellar materials collected in relatively more recent times? Now, whatever the origin of comets, it is entirely possible that they could, in part, contain interstellar or pre-solar components – indeed, it seems rather likely in light of the fact that primitive meteorites contain such entities. These particular components are likely to be refractory (dust, macromolecular organic complexes, etc.). Of more relevance to the issues above are the volatile constituents, which make up the bulk of a comet's mass. Since these materials, by their very nature, volatilise during perihelion passage of a comet they can, in some instances, be detected and measured spectroscopically. Perhaps the most useful species for isotopic investigations are C₂, HCN and CN. Unfortunately, spectroscopic measurements can only currently be made with accuracies of ±10 to ±20%. As such it is very often not practical to conclude anything further than the fact that isotopic measurements are compatible with ‘`solar’' values, which tends to imply an origin from the margins of the solar accretion disk. But there is another problem with the spectroscopic measurements – since these are made on gaseous species in the coma (and relatively minor species at that) it is impossible to be certain that these represent the true nuclear values. In other words, if the processes of sublimation, active jetting, and photochemistry in the coma impart isotopic fractionation, the spectroscopic measurements could give a false impression of the true isotope ratios. What is required is an experiment capable of measuring isotopic ratios at the very surface of a comet. Herein we describe the Ptolemy instrument, which is included on the Philae lander as part of the Rosetta mission to 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The major objective of Ptolemy is a detailed appraisal of the nature and isotopic compositions of all materials present at the surface of a comet.     

气球落舱内试验平台的高微重力水平分析

研究了一种新型高微重力水平气球舱内试验平台的动力特性，考虑了稀薄气体的影响，建立了落舱及平台的动力学方程，通过数值计算获得了平台微重力水平与落舱控制精度、平台与落舱的分离时刻、真空舱内真空度的关系。     

基于核主元分析方法的燃气涡轮发动机燃烧系统实时监测与诊断

针对燃气涡轮发动机燃烧室状态监测方法不足,故障定位难和故障早期发现难的问题,以涡轮排气温度场周向数据为分析依据,通过研究燃气在涡轮通流部分的偏转规律,利用核主元分析(KPCA)方法对经过有效性处理后的温度场数据进行分析,并结合两台发动机的故障数据,分别对燃烧系统自身故障和热电偶传感器故障进行检测与识别,验证了排气温度场燃气偏转规律与核主元分析相结合的方法对燃烧系统故障和传感器故障进行诊断的有效性.结果表明:该方法能够将安装了环管式分布火焰筒的燃气涡轮发动机燃烧室的故障诊断定位层次从目前的燃烧室这个大部件提高到火焰筒级别的小部件.      

径向间隙及加工工艺对气体箔片轴承性能的影响

为了分析轴承的加工工艺和径向间隙对轴承静态、动态性能的影响,设计搭建了静态、动态实验台,利用改变轴颈尺寸的方法研究不同径向间隙对气体箔片轴承(GFB)静态性能和动态性能的影响,还分别研究了不同波箔弹性结构、不同箔片材料和不同波箔热处理方式等因素对轴承性能的影响.结果表明:随着径向间隙减小,气体箔片轴承静刚度及其动态结构刚度增大,其等效黏性阻尼随着径向间隙的减小,出现先增大后减小的趋势.在工艺上箔片材料及波箔弹性结构对轴承性能的影响起重要作用.     

Experiment of gas plasma plume deflection by magnetic control

To investigate the deflection effect of gas plasma plume controlled by magnetic field, a novel experimental scheme was presented. The Cs2CO3 catalytic ionization seeds were injected into the combustion chamber to obtain gas plasma on a high temperature magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) experiment rig. The plasma jet was deflected under the action of an external magnetic field, resulting in a thrust-vector effect. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) collected two-dimensional images of jet flow field. Through image processing and velocity vector analysis, the jet deflection angle can be obtained quantitatively. At 1800-2500K, the jet deflection was verified experimentally under the condition of 0.45T magnetic field strength. The results indicate that the jet deflection angle increases gradually with the increase of gas temperature, and above 2200K, the jet deflection angle increase obviously. In the process of gas plasma jet, it is feasible to realize the jet deflection controlled by MHD by adding an external magnetic field.     

燃气热力参数计算方法及在涡轮叶栅对流换热中的应用

为了研究燃气热力参数对对流换热的影响,发展了一种计算航空发动机碳氢燃料与空气燃烧的燃气热力参数计算方法。应用该方法给出的一部分燃气热力参数作为输入条件,对不同入口温度下的平板和涡轮平面叶栅的对流换热进行了数值模拟,并与空气作为工质的对流换热数值模拟结果进行了对比。结果表明:在其他定解条件相同时,对平板和涡轮平面叶栅的对流换热,工质为多组分燃气时的壁面当地努塞尔数均大于入口工质为空气的努塞尔数,且随着入口温度的升高,空气与燃气的当地努塞尔数的差别变大;在给定的入口温度范围内,与工质为空气相比,工质为燃气的平板当地努塞尔数从28%增大到30%,涡轮叶栅则从725%增大到969%。     

船用低速发动机技术发展综述

船用低速发动机是远洋船舶推进的首选动力,具有经济性好、可靠性高等优势。本文主要介绍了低速机的技术特点,回顾低速机技术发展的历史,基于当前低速机技术研究的现状重点分析了不同低速机有害排放物和温室气体减排技术的原理和特点。对于低速柴油机选择催化还原技术是目前最为主流的氮氧化物减排手段;双燃料技术则是当前综合应对氮氧化物（NOx）、硫氧化物（SOx）、黑碳以及温室气体减排的最佳选择;零碳和智能技术将是低速机未来的发展方向。