Power plant selection in a carbon constrained world the TERA(technoeconomic environmental risk analysis)

There is an increasing concern that current trends of consumption of natural resources cannot continue.It is imperative that major targeted investments are made into economical and reliable environment friendly propulsion and power solutions.Many novel and promising concepts are being proposed.The selection of the best candidates to pursue for investment becomes a very difficult choice.A detailed TERA(techno-economic environmental risk analysis) framework is described here to quantify risks and to compare and rank competing schemes on a formal and consistent basis.This technique is based on detailed and rigorous thermodynamic representations of power plants.A layer of environment,economic,weather and other models to describe the appropriate local conditions is superimposed to this.The outcome is a techno-economic environmental risk analysis framework with appropriate detail of each power plant as applied to the appropriate conditions.The results for each concept can then be compared and contrasted to make appropriate selections.      

Designing a power plant with highest efficiency:results from SFB 561

The goal of Collaborative Research Centre(SFB) 561 "thermally highly loaded,porous and cooled multi-layer systems for combined cycle power plants" is to expand the current technological and scientific knowledge on power plants in order to achieve total efficiencies of 65% in a combined cycle power plant in the year 2025.Therefore,the aero-thermomechanical,structural-mechanical,materials' scientific and production fundamentals for the development of steam and gas turbine components that are able to withstand highest thermal loads are being worked out within this SFB.This means for the gas turbine that combustion chamber outlet temperatures of 1520℃ at 1.7MPa are to be attained.In order to control these high temperatures,it is not only required to develop new materials' solutions,including thermal barrier coatings,but also to apply improved cooling techniques,as for example effusion cooling.This novel cooling concept is to be realised through open-porous structures.These structures can consist of drilled open-porous multi-layer systems or open-porous metallic foams.The development of graded multi-layer systems is also extremely important,as the grading will enable the use of coolant in dependence of the requirements.The live steam parameters in the high pressure turbine are expected to be increased up to approximately 700℃ with pressure of 30MPa.These elevated steam parameters can be encountered with Ni-base alloys,but this is a costly alternative,associated with many manufacturing difficulties.Therefore,the SFB proposes cooling the highly loaded turbines instead,as this would necessitate the application of far less Ni-base alloys.To protect the thermally highly loaded casing,a sandwich material consisting of two thin face sheets with a core of a woven wire mesh is used to cover the walls of the steam turbine casing.The current state of the research shows that by utilising innovative cooling technologies a total efficiency of 65% can be reached without exceeding the maximum allowable material temperature,thereby prolonging the life-span.      

某型燃气轮机可调导叶转角液压伺服比例控制系统设计

某型燃气轮机可调叶片控制系统以伺服比例阀和伺服油缸作为控制机构。该系统在油田经历了近2000h的运行考验,可实现对可调导叶转角的闭环控制,性能优良,工作可靠,能够满足在油田环境下的工作要求;保证燃气轮机稳定工作。     

Measured overall effusion cooling effectiveness over a wide blowing ratio range using infrared imaging

Experimental investigations were performed on the overall cooling effectiveness η of a flat effusion wall over a wide range of blowing ratio(M=0.47～5.27).The effusion wall had a staggered multi-hole pattern typical of gas turbine combustor application,with a ratio of hole pitch to row spacing P/S=1∶2,a porosity PS/d2=72,and an inclination angle α=30°.The current paper documented distribution of the overall cooling effectiveness on the wall surface,based on infrared imaging of the 2-D surface tem...      

几何参数对带射流收缩型通道换热特性影响的液晶瞬态实验

采用窄带热色液晶全表面瞬态测温技术,对将涡轮发动机进气道支板的冲击腔进行放大和简化后所得的收缩型通道内表面开展冲击换热实验研究,具体考察了射流孔孔径、冲击距以及通道高度变化对努塞尔数分布及大小的影响.实验结果表明:孔径和通道高度的增大、冲击距的减小均使通道内部换热得以加强,但在侧壁和前缘的努塞尔数分布变化及平均努塞尔数增幅不尽相同;并且通道内部换热受孔径影响最大,受通道高度的影响最小.      

大型煤气柜风荷载的风洞试验及数值模拟

对某大型煤气柜进行了风洞测压试验及风压数值模拟.分析了试验模型表面风压分布及其脉动特性,并同数值计算结果、规范条文中类似断面结构的风压分布作对比.结果表明:风洞试验中由于结构表面分布的工字钢及表面粗糙度的处理,雷诺数效应对表面风压分布影响并不明显,但对表面绕流场分离区的风压值有一定影响.结构的均方根升力、阻力系数在频域表现为宽带谱;采用基于雷诺平均的RNG k-ε湍流模型能较准确地模拟表面平均风压分布,其计算结果同样可为结构抗风设计提供参考;在不同量级雷诺数下数值模拟得到的平均风压分布能反映出雷诺数效应的影响.     

几种导弹弹射动力系统内弹道性能比较

介绍并比较了几种导弹弹射动力系统的特点,在一定假设的基础上对几种弹射动力系统进行了内弹道模型的设计、编制程序并针对某型导弹及内弹道指标进行计算,计算结果显示了在不同弹射动力下,发射筒内工质气体状态参数随时间变化的规律和导弹在发射筒内运动加速度、速度、位移随时间变化的规律.通过比较分析所得的内弹道性能曲线,得出燃气-蒸汽式弹射动力系统所需工质流量小,结构简单,压力及加速度变化平稳,温度适中,导弹速度及位移增加快,发射时间短,内弹道参数较理想,具有很大的优势和发展前景.为导弹弹射动力系统的设计和方案选择提供参考依据.     

乙醇燃料微型燃气轮机设计

推广生物质燃料在以微型燃气轮机为核心的分布式能源技术中的应用,设计了一种可燃用乙醇燃料的微型燃气轮机.通过整机热力循环参数分析,确定了乙醇燃料微型燃气轮机的设计点参数,并结合乙醇燃料特点,对燃烧室的几何尺寸进行了设计,获得了适用于乙醇燃烧的微型燃气轮机燃烧室技术.初步的整机实验结果表明,该乙醇燃料微型燃气轮机成功实现自行运转,证明了设计方案可行.     

潜艇应急燃气吹除过程的理论分析及实验验证

通过对燃气吹除压载水舱过程进行热力学分析,确立了考虑相变产生水蒸气情况下燃气吹除过程的能量方程、质量方程和气体状态方程,推导并建立了压载水舱吹除过程的数理模型.进行了潜艇应急燃气吹除系统的小比例模型原理实验,模拟了水下100m深度时燃气吹除的排水性能与规律以及燃气吹除过程中的主要性能参数变化情况,并对影响吹除效率的各种因素进行了分析.实验结果与所建立的潜艇应急燃气吹除过程数理模型的仿真结果进行了对比验证,结果表明,通过热力学方法建立的用于燃气吹除过程的工程计算数理模型与实际实验情况符合较好,可用于燃气应急吹除系统的设计及优化.     

水下燃气射流流场数值研究

研究了固体火箭发动机水下燃气射流流场的复杂多相流问题.采用多相流MIXTURE模型,考虑了流体的可压缩性、粘性、重力作用、气水掺混效应和能量交换等各项因素.选取标准k-ε湍流模式,运用有限体积法对轴对称湍流射流流场进行数值模拟.通过对无来流情况下湍流射流模拟,发现了燃气射流的颈缩、断裂和回击现象,并通过分析解释了产生这一现象的原因.计算了有来流情况下的射流流场,发现有来流情况下燃气射流没有断裂和回击现象.