超高频脉冲GTAW熔池表面温度分布

针对5 mm厚Ti-6Al-4V钛合金平板完成焊接熔池红外热成像监测,研究分析了超高频脉冲钨极氩弧焊(UHFP-GTAW)熔池表面温度分布,与常规GTAW(C-GTAW)熔池表面温度分布进行了比较。结果表明,在均为定点加热母材20 s的条件下,与C-GTAW工艺相比,UHFP-GTAW电弧(20 kHz、40 kHz)作用下的熔池中心表面温度测量值增加了10~30 K;分别以不同温度(678 K、823 K和968 K)为参考值测量熔池表面的高温扩散区域,UHFP-GTAW所得试样的高温扩散面积缩小范围为13%~30%。基于热量、力作用和复合散热等要素构建了熔池模型分析其温度场分布特点,计算结果与试验数据基本相符。      

Thermosphere–ionosphere response to a severe magnetic storm: A case study

This paper reports the response of the ionosphere–thermosphere system to an intense geomagnetic storm. For that, data taken by instruments on board Dynamic Explorer 2 at heights of the F2-layer (molecular nitrogen N₂ and atomic oxygen O compositions, neutral temperature Tg and electron density Ne) were used. The ionospheric response is characterized by a negative storm effect expanding from mid–high to low latitude. It is observed during this severe geomagnetic storm that negative effects were caused mainly by an increase in molecular nitrogen composition N₂ and almost no changes in atomic oxygen composition O.     

Optical performance of PHEBUS/EUV detector onboard BepiColombo

BepiColombo, a mission of ESA (European Space Agency) in cooperation with JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), will explore Mercury, the planet closest to the Sun. BepiColombo will launch in 2014 on a journey lasting up to six and a half years; the data gathering phase should occupy a one year nominal mission, with a possible extension of another year. The data which will be brought back from the orbiters will tell us about the Hermean surface, atmospheric composition, and magnetospheric dynamics; it will also contribute to understanding the history and formation of terrestrial planets. The PHEBUS (Probing of Hermean Exosphere by Ultraviolet Spectroscopy) instrument will be flown on MPO: Mercury Planetary Orbiter, one of the two BepiColombo orbiters. The main purpose of the instrument is to reveal the composition and the distribution of the exosphere of Mercury through EUV (Extreme Ultraviolet: 55–155 nm) and FUV (Far Ultraviolet: 145–315 nm) measurements. A consortium composed of four main countries has been formed to build it. Japan provides the two detectors (EUV and FUV), Russia implements the scanning system, and France and Italy take charge of the overall design, assembly, test, integration, and also provide two small NUV (Near Ultraviolet) detectors (for the light from calcium and potassium molecules). An optical prototype of the EUV detector which is identical to the flight configuration has been manufactured and evaluated. In this paper, we show the first spectra results observed by the EUV channel optical prototype. We also describe the design of PHEBUS and discuss the possibility of detecting noble gases in Mercury’s exosphere taking the experimental results so far into account.     

箔片气体轴承静态特性和温度特性实验

建立箔片气体径向轴承静态特性和温度特性测试实验台,通过变载荷和变转速两种实验方式对轴承起飞转速、摩擦阻力矩和轴承温升进行测量,研究分析轴承静态特性、温度特性与载荷、转速之间的关系.实验结果表明:在启停阶段,由于没有形成气膜,箔片气体轴承的摩擦阻力矩会出现较大的峰值,但当达到某一特定转速（起飞转速）后,摩擦阻力矩会迅速下降到某一极小值,并且起飞后的稳态轴承转矩会随载荷和转速的增大而增加.稳定状态下的轴承温度会稳定在某一值且相对于室温的温升极小,而且随着转速、载荷的增加近似于线性增大.      

固体火箭发动机后效推力对导弹底阻影响的数值仿真

采用二维轴对称N-S方程与湍流模型相结合,建立了固体火箭发动机喷管尾流和弹体外流一体化仿真模型.针对给定的导弹模型,开展了不同发动机燃气流量下的流场仿真,得到了流场速度和压力分布,分析了不同燃气流量下发动机后效推力对导弹底阻的影响.结果表明:与发动机不工作时相比,加入较小的燃气流量后,导弹底部压力增大,底阻值减小.随着燃气流量的增加,底部压力先减小后增大,底阻先增大后减小.随着燃气流量的增加,后效推力与导弹底阻的合力不断增大,且动推力所占比重逐渐增加.      

双燃式冲压发动机中富油燃气射流的超燃研究

在空气流量1.2kg/s左右的地面连管试验台上，研究了双册槽结构的超燃室中多股高温富油燃气射流的超燃特性。试验结果表明，超燃点火可靠，火焰稳定，超燃效率可达0.8以上。因此超燃新方案是可行的。     

空气涡轮火箭组合发动机共同工作研究

根据空气涡轮火箭组合发动机工作原理,明确了发动机共同工作条件,建立了发动机共同工作方程,得到了发动机共同工作线,并给出了影响空气涡轮火箭组合发动机共同工作线位置的两个因素:尾喷管喉部面积和涡轮前燃气总温。基于共同工作方程,分析了两因素对发动机共同工作线的影响规律。结果表明:在同一转速线上,随着尾喷管喉部面积或涡轮前燃气总温增大,发动机空气质量流量增大,压气机增压比降低,共同工作线整体向右下方移动;尾喷管喉部面积和涡轮前燃气总温增大或减小使空气涡轮火箭组合发动机共同工作线移动的方向是相同的,但尾喷管喉部面积变化对共同工作线位置移动的影响程度大于涡轮前燃气总温。      

注水喷管特性分析

在喷管喉部后方注水，使喷喉临界状态在一定范围内不随出口环境的压力而变化，并对其流动特性进行了分析。在一维定常流动假设的基础上，采用控制容积法建模，在一定参数范围内选代计算喷管背压、喷水量与喷管几何参数之间的数值关系，并对计算结果进行分析和讨论。     

长微管道气体流动的近似解析解

对长微管道中压力驱动的气体流动，考虑到稀薄气体效应，给出了可压缩气体流动简化控制议程的近似解析解，得到了流动的速度分布、密度分布以及近似质量流量公式，分析了影响流量的因素。     

超声速平板绕流DSMC/EPSM混合算法研究

本文将平衡粒模拟方法（EPSM）与蒙特卡罗直接模拟方法（DSMC）结合，构造了可模拟含近连续流区及过渡流区的DSMC／EPSM混合算法。运用混合算法模拟马赫数等于4时超声速平绕流，并与DSMC结果进行比较，证明了DSMC／EPSM混合算法的有效性。将DSMC方法与混合算法的计算效率进行了比较。