基于GAS的图像跟踪系统及其实现方案

利用遗传优化算法实现了一个目标跟踪系统,将传统的目标搜索、目标分割、目标定位及跟踪状态评估等过程都由遗传算法来实现,使系统结构简单,易于实现。并分析了利用 TMS32 0 C6x实时实现遗传优化跟踪过程的可能性,最后给出了该系统的实现方案     

基于Gabor滤波器的图像目标识别方法

为了给机器人视觉导航提供有效信息,提出一种基于图像匹配的目标识别方法.对CCD采集的目标图像,由 Gabor 变换生成的二维Gabor 滤波器有着优良的滤波器性能,不需要对图像进行分割,能适应一定的旋转、尺度、光照的变化,通过多个频率和角度的Gabor算子与图像的卷积,获取图像全局信息的特征描述.分类方法采用统计学习理论基础上发展起来的一种新的机器学习方法——支持向量机(SVM, Support Vector Machines),它可解决模型选择、过学习、维数灾难等问题.通过支持向量机进行多维特征向量的分类.该方法可达到较高的识别率,达到实时处理的要求,可以在人脸识别、机器人视觉定位等领域得到应用.      

基于PSO的多观测器轨迹优化研究

在多观测站目标被动跟踪过程中,多观测器运动轨迹对定位跟踪精度有重要影响.为提高对运动目标的跟踪精度,将目标滤波协方差的迹作为目标优化函数,提出一种基于粒子群算法(Particle Swarm Optimi-zation,PSO)的多观测器轨迹优化方法,并将轨迹优化加入运动目标被动跟踪过程中,实现了观测器自适应运动下的运...     

Plants + soil/wetland microbes: Food crop systems that also clean air and water

The limitations that will govern bioregenerative life support applications in space, especially volume and weight, make multi-purpose systems advantageous. This paper outlines two systems which utilize plants and associated microbial communities of root or growth medium to both produce food crops and clean air and water. Underlying these approaches are the large numbers and metabolic diversity of microbes associated with roots and found in either soil or other suitable growth media. Biogeochemical cycles have microbial links and the ability of microbes to metabolize virtually all trace gases, whether of technogenic or biogenic origin, has long been established. Wetland plants and the rootzone microbes of wetland soils/media also been extensively researched for their ability to purify wastewaters of a great number of potential water pollutants, from nutrients like N and P, to heavy metals and a range of complex industrial pollutants. There is a growing body of research on the ability of higher plants to purify air and water. Associated benefits of these approaches is that by utilizing natural ecological processes, the cleansing of air and water can be done with little or no energy inputs. Soil and rootzone microorganisms respond to changing pollutant types by an increase of the types of organisms with the capacity to use these compounds. Thus living systems have an adaptive capacity as long as the starting populations are sufficiently diverse. Tightly sealed environments, from office buildings to spacecraft, can have hundreds or even thousands of potential air pollutants, depending on the materials and equipment enclosed. Human waste products carry a plethora of microbes which are readily used in the process of converting its organic load to forms that can be utilized by green plants. Having endogenous means of responding to changing air and water quality conditions represents safety factors as these systems operate without the need for human intervention. We review this research and the ability of systems using these mechanisms to also produce food or other useful crops. Concerns about possible pathogens in soils and wastewater are discussed along with some methods to prevent contact, disease transmission and to pre-screen and decrease risks. The psychological benefits of having systems utilizing green plants are becoming more widely recognized. Some recent applications extending the benefits of plants and microbes to solve new environmental problems are presented. For space applications, we discuss the use of in situ space resources and ways of making these systems compact and light-weight.     

系统误差条件下的多运动站无源定位性能分析

 系统误差的存在可能对无源定位的性能带来较大影响。针对多运动站得到的含有系统误差的观测量信息,推导了定位误差的克拉美-罗下限(CRLB)。首先根据具体系统误差模型推导测量误差的统计信息,然后根据系统误差导致不同时刻观测量相关的特点,将非对角矩阵的误差协方差矩阵写为分块矩阵的形式,并在此基础上推导其递推计算式,最后以系统误差情况下多运动站只测角无源定位为例进行定位性能的仿真分析。仿真结果表明系统误差的存在对定位误差CRLB影响较大,在定位中需要重点考虑。     

基于相互测距信息的机群组网协同定位技术

在网络中心战条件下,针对无GPS(Global Positioning System)时如何提高机群的导航定位精度问题,构建了以机载数据链和惯导系统为核心的协同定位系统,设计了协同定位系统的测距方案,分析了协同定位过程中的时间同步问题,提出了一种基于机间相互测距信息的机群组网协同定位方法.该方法利用几何图形平移旋转来估计机群各飞机的惯导系统定位误差.仿真表明:该方法可以用于长时间估计惯导位置误差,有效延缓惯导位置误差的发散速度,当5架飞机协同定位时,机群惯导位置精度将提高2倍左右.     

基于二维单基线的单星高精度无源定位算法

针对长短基线干涉仪定位系统设备量大、系统复杂的问题,提出了基于运动学原理的单星高精度无源定位技术。以模糊相位差和相位差变化率为观测量,并采用三通道二维单基线阵列构型,充分利用长基线相位差定位精度高的特点,并结合相位差变化率的无模糊特性,通过粒子群改进算法实现高精度的定位。仿真结果表明,该算法定位精度高,定位性能接近CRLB。     

室内混合智能定位系统仿真平台框架研究

针对室内场景中实验环境搭建困难、鉴定评估样本少、实际系统与仿真系统需相互检验等问题，在介绍室内混合智能定位系统的基础上，研究了利用仿真技术搭建虚拟仿真实验环境。构建了室内混合智能定位系统仿真平台的体系结构和层次结构，论述了仿真平台涉及的理论模型及算法，并介绍了构建仿真平台的相关关键技术。研究结果能为用户提供一个具备环境建模、信号模拟、调度控制、可视化显示、数据存储、系统间交互等要素的室内混合智能定位仿真平台框架，为后续平台集成测试提供指导。     

基于MCIS技术的相位差变化率单站无源定位

针对最大似然估计（ML）方法求解测相位差变化率单站无源定位问题计算量大、定位慢的问题,本文提出一种利用蒙特卡洛重要性抽样技术（MCIS）高精度、低复杂度的估计方法。根据Pincus定理推导出ML问题的近似全局解,利用重要性抽样（IS）技术构建符合高斯分布概率密度（PDF）的重要性函数,作为样本选取的依据,通过逆变换采样获得样本集,统计样本均值直接得到辐射源位置估计结果。MCIS方法简单易实现且运算量低,能够克服传统ML估计多维网格搜索耗时较长的缺陷,而且对目标位置初始估计误差有较低的敏感性。实验结果表明,MCIS算法在相同测量噪声水平下,定位精度优于EKF、NLS算法,有效减小了初始化估计误差对算法定位精度的影响,也进一步讨论分析了算法参数和不同观测条件对定位性能的影响。     

激光辅助局部电化学沉积的试验研究

在局部电化学沉积加工体系中引入纳秒脉冲激光,利用激光辐照和局部电化学沉积的方法对铜进行三维微结构的沉积试验。分析了激光的热力效应对局部电化学沉积的作用机理。构建了激光辅助局部电化学沉积的试验系统,进行了沉积试验,并利用扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)和X射线能量色散色谱仪对电沉积体进行了检测。试验结果表明激光辅助局部电化学沉积相较于普通的局部电化学沉积,定域性好。随着激光能量的增加,沉积体的高宽比增加,定域性提高。同时,激光还可以减少阴极杂质的吸附,提高沉积体的纯度。