航天遥测系统集成式信号采集装置设计

针对遥测系统的小型化需求,设计集成式信号采集装置,用于多类型传感器信号的集中变换处理,并将采集到的数据汇总后上传遥测传输系统。集成式信号采集装置以模块化、可扩展为设计思想,按功能划分为电源变换模块、数据综合处理模块和传感器信号变换模块,通过模块组合、软件接口的方式适应不同型号应用需求,同时兼顾航天产品环境适应性能。集成式信号采集装置已成功应用于多个型号任务,具有体积小、功耗低、质量轻、使用灵活等特点。     

An intelligent control method for a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin

The structure and characteristics of a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin are introduced.Due to the diffculties of control methods and the easily damaged characteristics,control systems for the large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin are diffcult to be controlled quickly and accurately with a classical PID algorithm.Considering the dynamic state characteristics of the environmental simulation test chamber,a lumped parameter model of the control system is established to accurately control the multiple parameters of the environmental chamber and a fuzzy control algorithm combined with expert-PID decision is introduced into the temperature,pressure,and rotation speed control systems.Both simulations and experimental results have shown that compared with classical PID control,this fuzzy-expert control method can decrease overshoot as well as enhance the capacity of anti-dynamic disturbance with robustness.It can also resolve the contradiction between rapidity and small overshoot,and is suitable for application in a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin control system.     

Microstructure and high-temperature oxidation behavior of plasma-sprayed Si/Yb2SiO5 environmental barrier coatings

An environmental barrier coating (EBC) consisting of a silicon bond coat and an Yb₂SiO₅ top-coat was sprayed on a carbon fibers reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composite (CMC) by atmospheric plasma spray (APS). The microstructure of the coating annealed at 1300 °C and its high-temperature oxidation behavior at 1350 °C were investigated. The significant mass loss of silica during the plasma spray process led to the formation of Yb₂SiO₅ and Yb₂O₃ binary phases in the top-coat. Eutectics of Yb₂SiO₅ and Yb₂O₃ were precipitated in the top-coat, and channel cracks were formed in the top-coat after 20 h annealing because of the mismatch between the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of Yb₂SiO₅ and the SiC substrate. The EBC effectively improved the oxidation resistance of the CMC substrate. The channel cracks in the Yb₂SiO₅ top-coat provided inward diffusion channels for oxygen and led to the formation of oxidation delamination cracks in the bond coat, finally resulting in spallation failure of the coating after 80 h oxidation.     

New concepts for the avoidance or utilisation of methane in life support systems

Due to high resupply costs, especially for long-duration stays in space habitats beyond low earth orbit, future manned space missions will require life support systems (LSS) with a high degree of regenerativity. Possible ways to overcome the waste of resources and to save on resupply mass are therefore of major interest for the development of next generation environmental control and life support systems.     

Fostering links between environmental and space exploration: the Earth and Space Foundation

The links between Earth and space exploration occur across a broad spectrum, from the use of satellite technology to support environmental monitoring and habitat protection to the study of extreme environments on Earth to prepare for the exploration of other planets. Taking the view that Earth and space exploration are part of a mutually beneficial continuum is in contrast to the more traditionally segregated view of these areas of activity. In its most polarized manifestation, space exploration is regarded as a waste of money, distracting from solving problems here at home, while environmental research is seen to be introspective, distracting from expansive visions of exploring the frontier of space. The Earth and Space Foundation was established in 1994 to help further mutually beneficial links by funding innovative field projects around the world that work at the broad interface between environmental and space sciences, thus encouraging the two communities to work together to solve the challenges facing society. This paper describes the work of the foundation and the philosophy behind its programmes.     

Initial design of laboratories for sustainable habitation

An effective and self-sustainable artificial habitat design is essential for human spaceflight and expansion of mankind into orbit or towards other celestial bodies. There are two approaches that need to be implemented in future sustainable habitats: the use of re-cycling technologies in order to gain experience in closed-loop processes and the primary production of resource materials using In Situ Resource Utilisation (ISRU) principles. Various products will be provided and, where applicable, recycled in such a system taking into account basic human factors requirements such as crew work load capacity, safety and well-being, namely:     

虚拟机械零件库的研制及应用

通过虚拟机械零件库的作用以及它在教学改革中的应用,阐述了虚拟机械零件库的特点及制作过程,说明了该零件库在培养学生设计能力、提高教学质量起到的积极促进作用.     

刍议算法在程序设计中的重要性

当程序设计人员对问题的描述清楚后，要想利用计算机来解决问题时，就得编写程序，但如果直接开始写程序可能有些复杂，所以，一般都是先由算法着手，在配合适当的数据结构，就能容易地写出程序。本文通过在实践教学中遇到的一例问题，讨论了算法在程序设计中的重要性。     

基于最优传播路径的EMA/EKF定位算法研究CSCD

针对室内环境下蓝牙系统易受非视距影响,采用蓝牙到达角(AOA)解决室内行人定位存在较大偏差的问题,研究基站几何分布和定位算法对定位精度的影响。关于蓝牙信号在传播过程中易衰减及产生多径等因素影响定位性能,对基站安装位置与信号接收范围关系进行研究,建立基站分布优化模型,使用遗传算法(GA)求解基站布设最优位置。在此基础上,提出了基于改进指数移动平均(EMA)算法结合扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法进行误差补偿。实验结果表明,该方法的平均定位误差为0.89m,相较于EKF定位精度更高,证明了所提方法的有效性。     

Globalstar星座与意大利的小卫星中心

介绍了意大利 Alenia 航空航天公司为生产 Globalstar 卫星而建立的小卫星中心及其环境试验概况。